Censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community
For non-religious equivalents, see Expulsion (disambiguation). For the 2016 album, see Excommunication (album).
Fanciful 16th-century fresco in the Sala Regia, by Giorgio Vasari, depicting Pope Gregory IX excommunicating Frederick II. Since few details were provided to the artist, Vasari chose to paint an excommunication scene generically. In the traditional excommunication procedure, the pope and his priests would hurl burning candles on the ground and stamp them out. The painter however here chose to show the pope personally stepping on the emperor.[1]
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain rights within it, in particular those of being in communion with other members of the congregation, and of receiving the sacraments.
It is practiced by all of the ancient churches (such as the Catholic Church, Oriental Orthodox churches and the Eastern Orthodox churches) as well as by other Christian denominations, but it is also used more generally to refer to similar types of institutional religious exclusionary practices and shunning among other religious groups. The Amish have also been known to excommunicate members that were either seen or known for breaking rules, or questioning the church, a practice known as shunning. Jehovah's Witnesses use the term disfellowship to refer to their form of excommunication.
The word excommunication means putting a specific individual or group out of communion. In some denominations, excommunication includes spiritual condemnation of the member or group. Excommunication may involve banishment, shunning, and shaming, depending on the group, the offense that caused excommunication, or the rules or norms of the religious community. The grave act is often revoked in response to manifest repentance.
^Jong, Jan L. de (2012). The power and the glorification : papal pretensions and the art of propaganda in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries. University Park: Pennsylvania State University Press. pp. 140−141. ISBN 978-0271062372.
Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious community or to restrict certain...
In the canon law of the Catholic Church, excommunication (Lat. ex, "out of", and communio or communicatio, "communion"; literally meaning "exclusion from...
includes only excommunications acknowledged or imposed by a decree of the Pope or a bishop in communion with him. Latae sententiae excommunications, those that...
or someone is being hated or avoided. The other refers to a formal excommunication by a church. These meanings come from the New Testament, where an Anathema...
that the 1983 Code of Canon Law envisages are excommunication, interdict, and suspension. Excommunication prohibits participation in certain forms of liturgical...
The Excommunication of Robert the Pious (French: L'Excommunication de Robert le Pieux) is a 1875 painting by Jean-Paul Laurens, held by the Musée d'Orsay...
Many bishops, priests, and monks have strongly condemned theatrical amusements, and they even declared the actors to be "instruments of Satan", "a curse...
The Excommunication of Christ is the first full-length studio album by the black metal band The Meads of Asphodel. It was released on Supernal Music in...
Those who shall act to the contrary we include in the like sentence of excommunication." Among the queen's offences, "She has removed the royal Council, composed...
The excommunication of Margaret McBride occurred with the sanctioning by the American religious sister Margaret McBride in November 2009 of an abortion...
has attached the penalty of excommunication; the list is not exhaustive. In most cases these were "automatic excommunications", wherein the violator who...
outlaw at the Diet of Worms. When Luther died in 1546, Pope Leo X's excommunication was still in effect. Luther taught that salvation and, consequently...
events of the period include: the Council of Trent (1545–1563); the excommunication of Elizabeth I (1570) and the Battle of Lepanto (1571), which occurred...
The relationship between Napoleon and the Catholic Church was an important aspect of his rule. In 1796, French troops under the command of General Napoleon...
of indulgences, and along with the Leipzig Debate this led to his excommunication in 1521. In Switzerland, Huldrych Zwingli, John Calvin and other Protestant...
1965 by the Catholic and Orthodox churches, mutually revoking the excommunications that marked their Great Schism in 1054; the Anglican Catholic International...
years and, in the event of non-separation, they would be struck with excommunication. Moreover, at the end of three years of union, there were no living...
decree's proclamation in Rome, capital of the Papal States, with an excommunication of Napoleon (though not by name) and all those who had contributed...
Judaism, and Islam has at times been met with censure ranging from excommunication to the death penalty. Heresy is distinct from apostasy, which is the...
heresies in a variety of ways, including through theological debate, excommunication, and even violence. This is a list of all Christian heresies that have...
famous Walk to Canossa in 1077, by which he achieved a lifting of the excommunication at the price of humiliation. Meanwhile, the German princes had elected...
for Bishops, on instructions from Pope Benedict XVI, rescinded the excommunication. Fellay was born in Sierre, Switzerland in 1958. In October 1977, at...
incurred a disciplinary latae sententiae excommunication for the schismatic act;: n3 the excommunications of the four living SSPX bishops were remitted...
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