Temporal range: Middle Ordovician - Early Permian, 467.3–283.5 Ma
PreꞒ
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O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
The defining characteristic of eurypterine eurypterids is the transformation of the sixth pair of legs into swimming paddles. Reconstructed leg of Bassipterus.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Arthropoda
Subphylum:
Chelicerata
Clade:
Sclerophorata
Order:
†Eurypterida
Suborder:
†Eurypterina Burmeister, 1843
Type species
†Eurypterus remipes
De Kay, 1825
Subgroups
†Onychopterelloidea
†Moselopteroidea
†Eurypteroidea
†Diploperculata
†Carcinosomatoidea
†Waeringopteroidea
†Adelophthalmoidea
†Pterygotioidea
Incertae sedis
†Wiedopterus
Synonyms
Pterygotina Caster & Kjellesvig-Waering, 1964
Eurypterina is one of two suborders of eurypterids, an extinct group of chelicerate arthropods commonly known as "sea scorpions". Eurypterine eurypterids are sometimes informally known as "swimming eurypterids".[1] They are known from fossil deposits worldwide, though primarily in North America and Europe.
Seventy-five percent of eurypterid species are eurypterines; this represents 99% of specimens.[2] The superfamily Pterygotioidea is the most species-rich clade, with 56 species, followed by the Adelophthalmoidea with 43 species; as sister taxa, they comprise the most derived eurypterines. Pterygotioidea includes the pterygotids, which are the only eurypterids known to have a cosmopolitan distribution.[3]
Though more numerous both in specimens and taxa, the eurypterines have the shorter temporal range of the two eurypterid suborders. They first appeared around the same time as the Stylonurina in the Middle Ordovician. The suborder faced a slow extinction during the Middle and Late Devonian, possibly tied to the emergence of jawed vertebrates.[4] Every Eurypterine genus and lineage went extinct before the Carboniferous save for Adelophthalmus which would go extinct in the Early Permian, millions of years before the Permian-Triassic extinction event that ended the stylonurines.[5]
^Tetlie, O. Erik; Cuggy, Michael B. (2007). "Phylogeny of the basal swimming eurypterids (Chelicerata; Eurypterida; Eurypterina)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 5 (3): 345–356. doi:10.1017/S1477201907002131. ISSN 1477-2019. S2CID 88413267.
^Dunlop JA, Penney D, Tetlie OE, Anderson LI (2008). "How many species of fossil arachnids are there?". Journal of Arachnology. 36 (2): 267–272. doi:10.1636/CH07-89.1. ISSN 0161-8202. S2CID 42371883.
^Tetlie OE (2007). "Distribution and dispersal history of Eurypterida (Chelicerata)" (PDF). Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 252 (3–4): 557–574. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.05.011. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2011-07-18.
^Lamsdell, James C.; Braddy, Simon J. (2009). "Cope's rule and Romer's theory: patterns of diversity and gigantism in eurypterids and Palaeozoic vertebrates". Biology Letters. 6 (2): 265–269. doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0700. ISSN 1744-9561. PMC 2865068. PMID 19828493. Supplemental material.
^Lamsdell JC, Braddy SJ, Tetlie OE (2010). "The systematics and phylogeny of the Stylonurina (Arthropoda: Chelicerata: Eurypterida)". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 8 (1): 49–61. doi:10.1080/14772011003603564. S2CID 85398946.
Eurypterina is one of two suborders of eurypterids, an extinct group of chelicerate arthropods commonly known as "sea scorpions". Eurypterine eurypterids...
lineages, the limbs tended to get larger the farther back they were. In the Eurypterina suborder, the larger of the two eurypterid suborders, the sixth pair...
of eurypterids (especially the swimming eurypterids of the suborder Eurypterina), a freshwater environment in a floodplain. Similar Late Carboniferous...
turn is classified within the infraorder Diploperculata in the suborder Eurypterina. Adelophthalmid eurypterids were small and swimming eurypterids that...
North America, but also in Siberia. Compared to the other suborder, Eurypterina, the stylonurines were comparatively rare and retained their posterior...
turn is classified within the infraorder Diploperculata in the suborder Eurypterina. The earliest known member of the group, Orcanopterus, has been recovered...
Eurypteridae. They are classified under the superfamily Eurypteroidea, suborder Eurypterina, order Eurypterida, and the subphylum Chelicerata. Until recently, eurypterids...
such, it is formally classified as Eurypterina incertae sedis (indicating uncertain placement within the Eurypterina suborder of eurypterids). Though not...
turn is one of the superfamilies classified as part of the suborder Eurypterina. The family contains two genera, Erieopterus and Eurypterus. List of...
Eurypterina. The cladogram below is simplified from a study by Tetlie (2007), showcasing the derived position of the pterygotids within Eurypterina....
turn is one of the superfamilies classified as part of the suborder Eurypterina. Mixopterids were characterized by large exoskeletons with scattered...
of over 120 million years. Adelopththalmus was the final genus of the Eurypterina suborder of eurypterids and consisted the only known genus of swimming...
scorpions". It is one of the superfamilies classified as part of the suborder Eurypterina. Some carcinosomatoid genera have been suggested to have been fully marine...
considered Onychopterella the most basal (primitive) member of the suborder Eurypterina (in which the sixth appendage is modified into a swimming leg), mainly...
has also been classified as a genus of uncertain affinity within the Eurypterina suborder, or within the entire Eurypterida order. It is possible that...
subordinal and superfamily status, Eurypteracea becoming the suborder Eurypterina and creating the superfamily Pterygotioidea, containing Hughmilleriidae...
Stylonurina than with Eurypterus (which is classified as part of the Eurypterina), for instance its large eyes. Further comparisons with what limited...
has been reclassified as a member of the Onychopterellidae within the Eurypterina, making the subfamily defunct. Superfamily Rhenopteroidea Størmer, 1951...
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