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First European War
Part of World War I
Mark II with Canadian infantry at Vimy Ridge
Date
3 August 1914 – 11 November 1918 (4 years, 3 months, 1 week and 1 day)
Location
Europe
Result
Allied Powers victory
End of World War I
Treaty of Versailles
Belligerents
Central Powers: German Empire Austria-Hungary Bulgaria Ottoman Empire
Allied Powers:
France
British Empire
United Kingdom
Canada
Australia
New Zealand
India
South Africa
Newfoundland
Russia (until 1917)
Italy
United States
Romania
Serbia
Montenegro
Belgium
Greece
Portugal
Siam
Russian SFSR
Commanders and leaders
Helmuth von Moltke
Erich von Falkenhayn
Paul von Hindenburg
Erich Ludendorff
Leopold of Bavaria
Archduke Friedrich
Conrad von Hötzendorf
A. A. von Straußenburg
Nikola Zhekov
Enver Pasha
Joseph Joffre
Ferdinand Foch
Robert Nivelle
Philippe Pétain
John French
Douglas Haig
Grand Duke Nikolai
Nicholas II
Mikhail Alekseyev
Aleksei Brusilov
Lavr Kornilov
Luigi Cadorna
Armando Diaz
John J. Pershing
Constantin Prezan
Radomir Putnik
Petar Bojović
Janko Vukotić
Albert I
Panagiotis Danglis
v
t
e
Theaters of World War I
Europe
Western Front
Eastern Front
Romania
Italy
Balkans
Serbia
Middle East
Caucasus
Persia
Gallipoli
Mesopotamia
Sinai & Palestine
Hejaz & Levant
South Arabia
Central Arabia
Africa
South West Africa
Togoland
Cameroon
East Africa
North Africa
Somaliland
Asia-Pacific
Tsingtao
Samoa
New Guinea
Central Asia
Naval theatres
U-boat
Atlantic
Mediterranean
Mexican Revolution
German interventions in the Mexican Revolution
Although considerable conflict took place outside Europe, the European theatre (also known as the First European War) was the main theatre of operations during World War I and was where the war began and ended. During the four years of conflict, battle was joined by armies of unprecedented size, which were equipped with new mechanized technologies. The conflict left tens of millions dead or wounded.
The European theatre is divided into four main theatres of operations: the Western Front, the Eastern Front, the Italian Front, and the Balkans Front. Not all of Europe was involved in the war, nor did fighting take place throughout all of the major combatants’ territory. The United Kingdom was nearly untouched by the war. Most of France was unaffected, as was most of Germany and Italy.
Some large countries in Europe remained neutral for the entire war such as Sweden and Spain – the Great War passed them by without much impact. On the other hand, some countries were conquered (Serbia, Belgium, Romania). Other countries like Russia and the Ottoman Empire saw armies marching over much of their lands, with a great deal of resulting devastation.
Although the United States did join the war, due to Great Britain's control over the Atlantic Ocean, the only fighting for the U.S. Army was in Europe on the Western Front. The American army was transported by ship across the ocean so it could fight the Germans in France.
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