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European theatre of World War I information


First European War
Part of World War I

Mark II with Canadian infantry at Vimy Ridge
Date3 August 1914 – 11 November 1918
(4 years, 3 months, 1 week and 1 day)
Location
Europe
Result

Allied Powers victory

  • End of World War I
  • Treaty of Versailles
Belligerents
Central Powers:
European theatre of World War I German Empire
European theatre of World War I Austria-Hungary
European theatre of World War I Bulgaria
European theatre of World War I Ottoman Empire
  • Allied Powers:
  • European theatre of World War I France
European theatre of World War I British Empire
  • European theatre of World War I United Kingdom
  • European theatre of World War I Canada
  • European theatre of World War I Australia
  • European theatre of World War I New Zealand
  • European theatre of World War I India
  • European theatre of World War I South Africa
  • European theatre of World War I Newfoundland
  • European theatre of World War I Russia (until 1917)
  • European theatre of World War I Italy
  • European theatre of World War I United States
  • European theatre of World War I Romania
  • European theatre of World War I Serbia
  • European theatre of World War I Montenegro
  • European theatre of World War I Belgium
  • European theatre of World War I Greece
  • European theatre of World War I Portugal
  • European theatre of World War I Siam

Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic Russian SFSR
Commanders and leaders
  • German Empire Helmuth von Moltke
  • German Empire Erich von Falkenhayn
  • German Empire Paul von Hindenburg
  • German Empire Erich Ludendorff
  • German Empire Leopold of Bavaria
  • Austria-Hungary Archduke Friedrich
  • Austria-Hungary Conrad von Hötzendorf
  • Austria-Hungary A. A. von Straußenburg
  • Kingdom of Bulgaria Nikola Zhekov
  • Ottoman Empire Enver Pasha
  • French Third Republic Joseph Joffre
  • French Third Republic Ferdinand Foch
  • French Third Republic Robert Nivelle
  • French Third Republic Philippe Pétain
  • United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland John French
  • United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland Douglas Haig
  • Russian Empire Grand Duke Nikolai
  • Russian Empire Nicholas II
  • Russian Empire Mikhail Alekseyev
  • Russian Empire Aleksei Brusilov
  • Russian Empire Lavr Kornilov
  • Kingdom of Italy Luigi Cadorna
  • Kingdom of Italy Armando Diaz
  • United States John J. Pershing
  • Kingdom of Romania Constantin Prezan
  • Kingdom of Serbia Radomir Putnik
  • Kingdom of Serbia Petar Bojović
  • Kingdom of Montenegro Janko Vukotić
  • Belgium Albert I
  • Kingdom of Greece Panagiotis Danglis

Although considerable conflict took place outside Europe, the European theatre (also known as the First European War) was the main theatre of operations during World War I and was where the war began and ended. During the four years of conflict, battle was joined by armies of unprecedented size, which were equipped with new mechanized technologies. The conflict left tens of millions dead or wounded.

The European theatre is divided into four main theatres of operations: the Western Front, the Eastern Front, the Italian Front, and the Balkans Front. Not all of Europe was involved in the war, nor did fighting take place throughout all of the major combatants’ territory. The United Kingdom was nearly untouched by the war. Most of France was unaffected, as was most of Germany and Italy.

Some large countries in Europe remained neutral for the entire war such as Sweden and Spain – the Great War passed them by without much impact. On the other hand, some countries were conquered (Serbia, Belgium, Romania). Other countries like Russia and the Ottoman Empire saw armies marching over much of their lands, with a great deal of resulting devastation.

Although the United States did join the war, due to Great Britain's control over the Atlantic Ocean, the only fighting for the U.S. Army was in Europe on the Western Front. The American army was transported by ship across the ocean so it could fight the Germans in France.

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