This article is about the classical Greek tragedian. For the asteroid, see 2930 Euripides.
Euripides
Bust of Euripides
Born
c. 480 BC
Salamis
Died
c. 406 BC (aged approximately 74)
Macedonia
Occupation
Playwright
Notable work
Medea, 431 BC
Hippolytus, 428 BC
Electra, c. 420 BC
The Trojan Women, c. 415 BC
Bacchae, 405 BC
Spouses
Melite
Choerine
Parent(s)
Mnesarchus Cleito
Euripides[a] (c. 480 – c. 406 BC) was a tragedian of classical Athens. Along with Aeschylus and Sophocles, he is one of the three ancient Greek tragedians for whom any plays have survived in full. Some ancient scholars attributed ninety-five plays to him, but the Suda says it was ninety-two at most. Of these, eighteen or nineteen have survived more or less complete (Rhesus is suspect).[3] There are many fragments (some substantial) of most of his other plays. More of his plays have survived intact than those of Aeschylus and Sophocles together, partly because his popularity grew as theirs declined[4][5]—he became, in the Hellenistic Age, a cornerstone of ancient literary education, along with Homer, Demosthenes, and Menander.[6]
Euripides is identified with theatrical innovations that have profoundly influenced drama down to modern times, especially in the representation of traditional, mythical heroes as ordinary people in extraordinary circumstances. This new approach led him to pioneer developments that later writers adapted to comedy, some of which are characteristic of romance. He also became "the most tragic of poets",[nb 1] focusing on the inner lives and motives of his characters in a way previously unknown.[7][8] He was "the creator of ... that cage which is the theatre of Shakespeare's Othello, Racine's Phèdre, of Ibsen and Strindberg," in which "imprisoned men and women destroy each other by the intensity of their loves and hates".[9] But he was also the literary ancestor of comic dramatists as diverse as Menander and George Bernard Shaw.[10]
His contemporaries associated him with Socrates as a leader of a decadent intellectualism. Both were frequently lampooned by comic poets such as Aristophanes. Socrates was eventually put on trial and executed as a corrupting influence. Ancient biographies hold that Euripides chose a voluntary exile in old age, dying in Macedonia,[11] but recent scholarship casts doubt on these sources.
^Jones, Daniel; Roach, Peter, James Hartman and Jane Setter, eds. Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary. 17th edition. Cambridge UP, 2006.
^Nails 2002, p. 148.
^Walton (1997, viii, xix)
^B. Knox,'Euripides' in The Cambridge History of Classical Literature I: Greek Literature, P. Easterling and B. Knox (ed.s), Cambridge University Press (1985), p. 316
^Moses Hadas, Ten Plays by Euripides, Bantam Classic (2006), Introduction, p. ix
^L.P.E.Parker, Euripides: Alcestis, Oxford University Press (2007), Introduction p. lx
^Moses Hadas, Ten Plays by Euripides, Bantam Classic (2006), Introduction, pp. xviii–xix
^A.S. Owen, Euripides: Ion, Bristol Classical Press (1990), Introduction p. vii
^B.M.Knox, 'Euripides' in The Cambridge History of Classical Literature I: Greek Literature, P. Easterling and B. Knox (ed.s), Cambridge University Press (1985), p. 329
^Moses Hadas, Ten Plays by Euripides, Bantam Classic (2006), Introduction, pp. viii–ix
^Denys L. Page, Euripides: Medea, Oxford University Press (1976), Introduction pp. ix–xii
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Euripides. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Euripides. Wikisource has original works by or about: Euripides Library resources about Euripides Online...
way that Aeschylus' Oresteia was connected. Euripides did not favor such connected trilogies. Euripides won second prize at the City Dionysia for his...
Open University Euripides, Phoenissae Sophocles, Oedipus Rex 1220–1226; Euripides, Phoenissae Sophocles, Oedipus Rex 1026–1030; Euripides, Phoenissae Sophocles...
Hippolytus differs from Euripides' version, in that it brings Hippolytus back from the dead to live his life in Italy, while Euripides permanently connects...
with Euripides. More than half of Euripides' extant tragedies employ a deus ex machina in their resolution and some critics claim that Euripides invented...
play Prometheus. Among Euripides’ entries, Haigh underlines Theristae (431 BC), Sisyphus (415 BC) and Alcestis which Euripides was allowed to present...
number of ships have been named Euripides, including – SS Euripides (1883), wrecked in the Sea of Marmara SS Euripides (1914), An ocean liner built by...
Clytemnestra and Helen. In some stories (such as Iphigenia at Aulis by Euripides) Clytemnestra was already married to Tantalus, and Agamemnon murders him...
Euripides was doing with The Bacchae what he had always done, pointing out the inadequacy of the Greek gods and religions. The Dionysus in Euripides'...
The Bacchae of Euripides: A Communion Rite is an adaptation by Wole Soyinka of the ancient Greek tragedy The Bacchae by Euripides. Soyinka wrote the play...
place where the playwright Euripides came to write his tragedies. The ancient authors Philochorus and Satyrus described Euripides as a misanthrope who avoided...
the analysis of Medea's character in Euripides's play by discussing the male/female dichotomy created by Euripides. Medea does not fit into the mold of...
Trojan War. Those three authors are Euripides, Stesichorus, and Herodotus. In the version put forth by Euripides in his play Helen, Hera fashioned a likeness...
translated by R. M. Frazer (Jr.). Indiana University Press. 1966. Euripides, Andromache in Euripides: Children of Heracles. Hippolytus. Andromache. Hecuba, edited...
Euripide Foundoukidis (Greek: Ευριπίδης Φουντουκίδης, romanized: Evripidis Fountoukidis; 1894 – 11 September 1968) was a Greek administrator at the International...
1912. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library. Euripides, The Rhesus of Euripides translated into English rhyming verse with explanatory notes...
while Euripides gives his name as Molossus and Pausanias says that she has three children, named Molossus, Pielus and Pergamus. In Euripides' Andromache...
by Aeschylus Electra, play by Sophocles Electra, play by Euripides Orestes, play by Euripides Electra, a lost play by Quintus Tullius Cicero of which nothing...