Global InformationEriopis connexa information
| Eriopis connexa | |
|---|---|
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| Scientific classification | |
| Kingdom: | Animalia
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| Phylum: | Arthropoda
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| Class: | Insecta
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| Order: | Coleoptera
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| Family: | Coccinellidae
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| Subfamily: | Coccinellinae
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| Tribe: | Coccinellini
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| Genus: | Eriopis
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| Species: | E. connexa
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| Binomial name | |
| Eriopis connexa (Germar, 1824)
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| Synonyms | |
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Eriopis connexa is a species of ladybird beetle that is native to South America. Both males and females mate multiple times with different individuals of the opposite sex, like most members of the family Coccinellidae.[1] This promiscuous behavior leads to unique reproductive adaptations, such as sperm mixing. Females lay unfertilized eggs which their offspring consume upon hatching, thereby boosting offspring nutrition and reducing sibling cannibalism, .[2] This predatory beetle species feeds primarily on aphids and is widespread throughout many agroecosystems, such as cotton, maize, sorghum, soybean, and wheat.[3][4][5] Due to aphids being extremely damaging agricultural pests, E. connexa has been introduced to the United States for biological pest management.[3] Recent studies on pyrethroid insecticide resistance in E. connexa have led to research by applied entomologists on the species' potential role in integrated pest management schemes in crop fields that rely on lambda-cyhalothrin (LCT), a common pyrethroid insecticide that is ineffective against aphid population control.[3][6] The potential efficacy and success of the utilization of E. connexa in these programs is widely debated and is the focus of much recent research due to the lack of understanding regarding the effects of pyrethroid resistance on the behavior of this species.[1]
- ^ a b Colares, Felipe; Michaud, J. P.; Torres, Jorge B.; Silva-Torres, Christian S. A. (September 2015). "Polyandry and male mating history affect the reproductive performance of Eriopis connexa (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)". Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 108 (5): 736–742. doi:10.1093/aesa/sav056. ISSN 0013-8746.
- ^ Silva, Alessandra C. G.; Silva-Torres, Christian S. A.; Nascimento, Deividy V.; Torres, Jorge B. (November 1, 2021). "Sexual maturity, lack of partner choice and sperm precedence in the promiscuous ladybird beetle Eriopis connexa (Germar): Who is my father?". Behavioural Processes. 192: 104500. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2021.104500. ISSN 0376-6357. PMID 34509563. S2CID 237459694.
- ^ a b c Spíndola, A. F.; Silva-Torres, C. S. A.; Rodrigues, A. R. S.; Torres, J. B. (August 2013). "Survival and behavioural responses of the predatory ladybird beetle, Eriopis connexa populations susceptible and resistant to a pyrethroid insecticide". Bulletin of Entomological Research. 103 (4): 485–494. doi:10.1017/S0007485313000072. PMID 23522490.
- ^ Rodrigues, Alice S.; Botina, Lisbetd; Nascimento, Carolina P.; Gontijo, Lessando M.; Torres, Jorge B.; Guedes, Raul Narciso C. (October 1, 2016). "Ontogenic behavioral consistency, individual variation and fitness consequences among lady beetles". Behavioural Processes. 131: 32–39. doi:10.1016/j.beproc.2016.08.003. ISSN 0376-6357. PMID 27523284. S2CID 44844975.
- ^ D’Ávila, Vinicius A.; Barbosa, Wagner F.; Reis, Lorene C.; Gallardo, Bianca S. A.; Torres, Jorge B.; Guedes, Raul Narciso C. (May 1, 2018). "Lambda-cyhalothrin exposure, mating behavior and reproductive output of pyrethroid-susceptible and resistant lady beetles (Eriopis connexa)". Crop Protection. 107: 41–47. Bibcode:2018CrPro.107...41D. doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2018.01.009.
- ^ Ferreira, Emerson S.; Rodrigues, Agna R. S.; Silva-Torres, Christian S. A.; Torres, Jorge B. (May 2013). "Life-history costs associated with resistance to lambda-cyhalothrin in the predatory ladybird beetle Eriopis connexa". Agricultural and Forest Entomology. 15 (2): 168–177. doi:10.1111/j.1461-9563.2012.00599.x. S2CID 86401934.