Claims to the French throne by English and British monarchs
English stained glass window from c. 1350–77, showing the coat of arms of Edward III, which featured the royal arms of France in the positions of greatest honour,[1] quartering the arms of England.[2]
From the 1340s to the 19th century, excluding two brief intervals in the 1360s and the 1420s, the kings and queens of England and Ireland (and, later, of Great Britain) also claimed the throne of France. The claim dates from Edward III, who claimed the French throne in 1340 as the sororal nephew of the last direct Capetian, Charles IV. Edward and his heirs fought the Hundred Years' War to enforce this claim, and were briefly successful in the 1420s under Henry V and Henry VI, but the House of Valois, a cadet branch of the Capetian dynasty, was ultimately victorious and retained control of France, except for Calais (later lost in 1558) and the Channel Islands (which had historically formed part also of the Duchy of Normandy). Following the Hundred Years War, English and British monarchs continued to call themselves kings of France, and adopted the French fleur-de-lis as their coat of arms, quartering the arms of England in positions of secondary honour.[3] This continued until 1802, by which time France no longer had any monarch, having become a republic. The Jacobite claimants, however, did not explicitly relinquish the claim.
^French coat of arms in 1st and 4th positions of greatest honour; arms of England in 2nd and 3rd quarters
^Maclagan, Michael; Louda, Jiří (1981). Line of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe. London: Macdonald & Co. p. 17. ISBN 0-85613-276-4.
^French coat of arms in 1st and 4th positions of greatest honour; arms of England in 2nd and 3rd quarters
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