Coral atoll in the Marshall Islands; site of U.S. nuclear testing during the Cold War
This article is about the atoll. For the band, see Enewetak (band).
Enewetak
Landsat 8 satellite image of Enewetak Atoll. The crater formed by the Ivy Mike nuclear test can be seen near the north cape of the atoll, with the smaller Castle Nectar crater adjoining it.
Map of Enewetak AtollAerial view of Enewetak and Parry
Enewetak Atoll (/ɛˈniːwəˌtɔːk,ˌɛnɪˈwiːtɔːk/;[2] also spelled Eniwetok Atoll or sometimes Eniewetok; Marshallese: Ānewetak, [ænʲeːwɛːdˠɑk], or Āne-wātak, [ænʲeːwæːdˠɑk];[3] known to the Japanese as Brown Atoll or Brown Island; Japanese: ブラウン環礁) is a large coral atoll of 40 islands in the Pacific Ocean and with its 296 people (as of 2021)[1] forms a legislative district of the Ralik Chain of the Marshall Islands. With a land area total less than 5.85 square kilometers (2.26 sq mi),[1] it is no higher than 5 meters (16.4 ft) and surrounds a deep central lagoon, 80 kilometers (50 mi) in circumference. It is the second-westernmost atoll of the Ralik Chain and is 305 kilometers (190 mi) west from Bikini Atoll.
It was held by the Japanese from 1914 until its capture by the United States in February 1944, during World War II, then became Naval Base Eniwetok. Nuclear testing by the US totaling the equivalent of over 30 megatons of TNT took place during the Cold War; in 1977–1980, a concrete dome (the Runit Dome) was built on Runit Island to deposit radioactive soil and debris.[4]
The Runit Dome is deteriorating and could be breached by a typhoon, though the sediments in the lagoon are even more radioactive than those which are contained.[5]
^ abcdBrinkhoff, Thomas (2022-06-11). "Marshall Islands". City Population. Retrieved 2023-01-19.
^"Eniwetok". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 22, 2020.
^"Marshallese-English Dictionary - Place Name Index". www.trussel2.com.
^"Enewetak Atoll – nuclear trash can of the pacific – UTAOT". www.utaot.com. Archived from the original on 2013-05-24. Retrieved 2013-04-14.
^A Pacific isle radioactive and forgotten, The New York Times, Michael B. Gerrard, December 3, 2014. Retrieved 19 September 2016.
EnewetakAtoll (/ɛˈniːwəˌtɔːk, ˌɛnɪˈwiːtɔːk/; also spelled Eniwetok Atoll or sometimes Eniewetok; Marshallese: Ānewetak, [ænʲeːwɛːdˠɑk], or Āne-wātak...
November 1, 1952, by the United States on the island of Elugelab in EnewetakAtoll, in the now independent island nation of the Marshall Islands, as part...
Authorities decided to use EnewetakAtoll as a second nuclear weapons test site, and they relocated Enewetak's residents to Ujelang Atoll to the homes built for...
Runit Island (/ˈruːnɪt/) is one of forty islands of the EnewetakAtoll of the Marshall Islands in the Pacific Ocean. The island is the site of a radioactive...
operations in U.S. history. The Operation Greenhouse shots of May 1951, at EnewetakAtoll in the Marshall Islands, included the first boosted fission weapon test...
Pacific campaign of World War II, fought from 17 to 23 February 1944 on EnewetakAtoll in the Marshall Islands. The invasion of Eniwetok followed the American...
fallout over a wide area, including the EnewetakAtoll, Rongerik Atoll, Ailinginae Atoll, and Rongelap Atoll. The U.S. Navy evacuated the islanders within...
stopped at a lush atoll, which Saavedra called Los Jardines English: The Gardens. The atoll may have been Bikini or EnewetakAtoll. The Spaniards went...
a barge southwest of Enjebi Island, at EnewetakAtoll. 4,000 feet (1.22 km) from the nearest land at Enewetak. The cloud rose to 50,000 feet (15.2 km)...
of atolls and isolated islands in the chain: Ailinginae Atoll Ailinglaplap Atoll Bikini Atoll Ebon AtollEnewetakAtoll Jabat Island Jaluit Atoll Kili...
magnitude lower than that of element 99, and so contaminated coral from the Enewetakatoll (where the test had taken place) was shipped to the University of California...
(Marshallese: Āllokļap, [ællʲoɡʷ(o)lˠɑpʲ]), was an island, part of the EnewetakAtoll in the Marshall Islands. It was destroyed by the world's first true...
Islands in 1986. The island became a relocation center for the people of EnewetakAtoll in 1947 (due to atomic tests on that island from 1948 to 1958). The...
and 1958, the United States conducted 67 nuclear tests at Bikini Atoll and EnewetakAtoll. The U.S. government formed the Congress of Micronesia in 1965...
weapons testing had moved to the EnewetakAtoll to take advantage of generally larger islands and deeper water. Both atolls were part of the American Pacific...
Mike nuclear test. The test was carried out on November 1, 1952, at EnewetakAtoll in the Pacific Ocean and was the first successful test of a thermonuclear...
detonations from May to July 1956. They were conducted at Bikini and Enewetakatolls by Joint Task Force 7 (JTF7). The entire operation followed Project...
before Upshot–Knothole. The two explosions were staged in late 1952 at EnewetakAtoll in the Pacific Proving Ground in the Marshall Islands. The Operation...
September 11, 2021. Retrieved September 11, 2021. "The Natural history of EnewetakAtoll". Internet Archive. Oak Ridge, Tenn. : U.S. Dept. of Energy, Office...
thermonuclear weapon, Ivy Mike, was detonated on 1 November 1952 at EnewetakAtoll and yielded 10 Megatons of explosive force. The first thermonuclear...
test of an engineered device, codenamed Ivy Mike, was tested at the EnewetakAtoll in the Marshall Islands on November 1, 1952 (local date), also by the...
Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty of 1996. The Baker nuclear test at Bikini Atoll in July 1946 was a shallow underwater explosion, part of Operation Crossroads...
was recorded above the bunker. The US Navy tanker USS Patapsco was at EnewetakAtoll in late February 1954. Patapsco lacked a decontamination washdown system...
function this way in the battle, with aircraft from the atoll attacking Japanese carriers and the atoll being attacked in turn. Malta and Iceland were sometimes...
Naval Base Eniwetok was a major United States Navy base located at EnewetakAtoll in the Marshall Islands, during World War II. The base was built to support...
the bomb over a point 2,000 feet (610 m) north of Runit Island in the Enewetakatoll, resulting in a 500 kiloton explosion at 1,480 feet (450 m). The tropopause...
bombs). Conducted at the new Pacific Proving Ground, on islands of the EnewetakAtoll, it mounted the devices on large steel towers to simulate air bursts...
was tested at full scale in the "Ivy Mike" shot at an island in the EnewetakAtoll, with a yield of 10.4 Mt (44 PJ) (over 450 times more powerful than...
site of the Wasauksing First Nation Parry Island (Pacific), part of EnewetakAtoll in the Pacific Ocean and a fighting theatre in World War II Parry Island...
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