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Endurantism or endurance theory is a philosophical theory of persistence and identity. According to the endurantist view, material objects are persisting three-dimensional individuals wholly present at every moment of their existence, which goes with an A-theory of time. This conception of an individual as always present is opposed to perdurantism or four-dimensionalism, which maintains that an object is a series of temporal parts or stages, requiring a B-theory of time. The use of "endure" and "perdure" to distinguish two ways in which an object can be thought to persist can be traced to David Lewis.
One serious problem of endurantism is the problem of temporary intrinsics raised by David Lewis. Lewis claims that intrinsic properties of objects would change over time.[1] Thus, endurantism cannot harmonize identity with change and then cannot explain persistence clearly even if endurantists appeal to intrinsic properties. Endurantists may argue that intrinsic properties are related to time. However, this would produce another problem. If intrinsic properties are related to others, they are not intrinsic property (see intrinsic and extrinsic properties). Therefore, Perdurantism is a better position of persistence (see prominent arguments in favor of four-dimensionalism).
However, some philosophers, such as Haslanger, find a way to resolve this problem as Lewis's perdurantism does. Haslanger claims that Lewis's perdurantist solution is not the only solution, and endurantism can resolve this problem as well. She believes that Lewis's way does not directly answer the problem that objects that persist can change their intrinsic properties; he just finds a way to bypass it—the perdurer is not an object that keeps intrinsic properties unchanged over time[2] (see identity and change). Similarly, endurantism could find a way to bypass this problem and to reconcile the persistence of objects and intrinsic properties. Her method is in virtue of adverbial modification. According to this method, a sentence that objects have properties is related to time, but the time modifies ‘have’ rather than objects or properties.[2] A person, for example, had-at-t1 bentness and had-at-t2 straightness. It seems like that objects can at different times through different ways obtain properties. After such treatment, objects that exist can through different ways at different times instantiate different intrinsic properties (these properties are not related to time directly). Through this method, endurantism can resolve the problem of temporary intrinsic as Lewis's method does.
^Lewis, David K. (David Kellogg), 1941-2001. (1986). On the plurality of worlds. Oxford, UK: B. Blackwell. ISBN 0-631-13993-1. OCLC 12236763.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
Endurantism or endurance theory is a philosophical theory of persistence and identity. According to the endurantist view, material objects are persisting...
consider an aggregate of all its "temporal parts" or instances of existing. Endurantism is seen as the conventional view and flows out of our pre-philosophical...
parts Temporality Theories of time A-theory of time B-theory of time Endurantism Eternalism Four-dimensionalism Fatalism Finitism Growing block universe...
involves three competing theories—one three-dimensionalist theory called "endurantism" and two four-dimensionalist theories called "perdurantism" and "exdurantism"...
of conceptualizing persistence through time are endurantism and perdurantism. According to endurantism, material objects are three-dimensional entities...
models of mereological essentialism are endurantism and perdurantism. It is important to note that neither endurantism nor perdurantism imply mereological...
whole. Perdurantism avoids many philosophical problems plaguing endurantism, but endurantism seems to be more in touch with how we ordinarily conceive diachronic...
versions of the B-theory include eternalism and four-dimensionalism. Endurantism New riddle of induction Perdurantism The Unreality of Time McTaggart...
A-series and B-series Appeal to novelty Arrow of time Centered worlds Endurantism Eternity Growing block universe Perdurantism Problem of future contingents...
17 janvier 2024 (17 January 2024). "Sébastien Lecornu : " Il faut être endurant dans notre soutien militaire à l'Ukraine "". leparisien.fr (in French)...
depression and mental illness. On 15 January 2019, the band released "Endurant", a song dealing with the topic of bullying. On 21 April 2019, it was announced...
also a hylomorphic interpretation of the collapse of the wave function. Endurantism Hylotheism Hylozoism Inherence Materialism Moderate realism Substance...
wholes composed entirely of temporal parts. This view was contrasted with endurantism, the claim that objects are wholly present at any one time (thus not...
parts Temporality Theories of time A-theory of time B-theory of time Endurantism Eternalism Four-dimensionalism Fatalism Finitism Growing block universe...
breeding and animal husbandry. Cataphract cavalry needed immensely strong and endurant horses, and without selectively breeding horses for muscular strength and...
hierarchy besides endurants and perdurants (example: DOLCE). Others classify qualities as a subsection of endurants, e.g. the dependent endurants (example: BFO)...
parts Temporality Theories of time A-theory of time B-theory of time Endurantism Eternalism Four-dimensionalism Fatalism Finitism Growing block universe...
because they share a part. (f) 3-dimensionalism (may also go by the name endurantism), where the object is wholly present. That is, the persisting object...
view that an object can retain its identity over time is often called endurantism, and it claims that objects are ‘wholly present’ at different moments...
its continuity or by observation. A Persistent Item is comparable to an endurant. Temporal Entity includes events, eras/periods, and condition states which...
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