Functional group at the extremity of an oligomer or other macromolecule
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End groups are an important aspect of polymer synthesis and characterization. In polymer chemistry, they are functional groups that are at the very ends of a macromolecule or oligomer (IUPAC).[1] In polymer synthesis, like condensation polymerization and free-radical types of polymerization, end-groups are commonly used and can be analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) to determine the average length of the polymer. Other methods for characterization of polymers where end-groups are used are mass spectrometry and vibrational spectrometry, like infrared and raman spectroscopy. These groups are important for the analysis of polymers and for grafting to and from a polymer chain to create a new copolymer. One example of an end group is in the polymer poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate where the end-groups are circled.
End group example of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate with the end groups circled
IUPAC definition
End-group: Constitutional unit that is an extremity of a macromolecule or oligomer molecule[2]
^IUPAC Gold Book, "end-group"
^Penczek, Stanisław; Moad, Graeme (2008). "Glossary of terms related to kinetics, thermodynamics, and mechanisms of polymerization (IUPAC Recommendations 2008)" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 80 (10): 2163–2193. doi:10.1351/pac200880102163. S2CID 97698630.
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