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Emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty
Emperor Wen of Song 宋文帝
Portrait of Emperor Wen from Sancai Tuhui
Emperor of the Liu Song Dynasty
Reign
17 September 424[1] – 16 March 453
Predecessor
Liu Yifu
Successor
Liu Shao
Born
Liu Che'er (劉車兒) 407 Jingkou, Eastern Jin
Died
16 March 453(453-03-16) (aged 45–46) Jiankang, Liu Song
Burial
Changning Mausoleum (長寧陵)
Consorts
Empress Wenyuan Empress Dowager Zhao Empress Dowager Xuan
Issue
See § Family
Names
Family name: Liú (劉) Given name: Yìlóng (義隆) childhood name: Che'er (車兒)
Emperor Wen of Liu Song ((劉)宋文帝, (Liu) Song Wen-di; 407 – 16 March 453[2]), personal name Liu Yilong (劉義隆), childhood name Che'er (車兒), was an emperor of the Liu Song dynasty of China. He was the third son of the dynastic founder Emperor Wu (Liu Yu). After his father's death in 422, Liu Yilong's eldest brother Liu Yifu took the throne as Emperor Shao. In 424, a group of officials, believing Emperor Shao to be unfit to be emperor, deposed Emperor Shao and placed Liu Yilong on the throne as Emperor Wen.
In his 29 years of rule, Emperor Wen largely continued the grand plan of his father and some of the land policies of the Jin Dynasty. The period, called the "Yuanjia administration" (元嘉之治), is seen as a period of prosperity and strength, because of the emperor's diligence and ability to find capable and honest officials to serve in his administration. However, Emperor Wen was faulted for making repeated failed attempts to attack rival Northern Wei and using the wrong strategies in doing so, weakening his state toward the end of his rule. In 453, angry that his crown prince Liu Shao was using witchcraft to curse him, he planned to depose Liu Shao; when this plan was leaked, Liu Shao staged a coup and assassinated him, replacing him on the throne, although less than a year later Liu Shao's younger brother Liu Jun defeated him and took the throne as Emperor Xiaowu.
^dingyou day of the 8th month of the 1st year of the Yuanjia era, per Emperor Wen's biography in Book of Song
^jiazi day of the 2nd month of the 30th year of the Yuanjia era, per Emperor Wen's biography in Book of Song. The biography also indicated that he was 47 (by East Asian reckoning) when he died. Thus by calculation, his birth year should be 407.
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