Global InformationEmmonsiosis information
| Emmonsiosis | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Emergomycosis[1] |
| Specialty | Infectious diseases[2] |
| Symptoms | Skin rash[2] |
| Causes | Emergomyces, previously classified under genus Emmonsia[3] |
| Risk factors | HIV, organ transplant, steroid use.[1] |
| Diagnostic method | skin biopsy, histopathology[1] |
| Differential diagnosis | Histoplasmosis[1] |
| Treatment | Antifungals |
| Medication | Amphotericin B[1] |
| Frequency | Rare[1] |
Emmonsiosis, also known as emergomycosis, is a systemic fungal infection that can affect the lungs, generally always affects the skin and can become widespread.[1][2] The lesions in the skin look like small red bumps and patches with a dip, ulcer and dead tissue in the centre.[4]
It is caused by the Emergomyces species, a novel dimorphic fungus, previously classified under the genus Emmonsia.[3] These fungi are found in soil and transmitted by breathing in its spores from the air.[1] Inside the body it converts to yeast-like cells which then cause disease and invade beyond the lungs.[1] Diagnosis is by skin biopsy and its appearance under the microscope.[5] It is difficult to distinguish from histoplasmosis.[3][6] Treatment is usually with amphotericin B.[3]
Emmonsiosis can be fatal.[3] The disseminated type is more prevalent in South Africa, particularly in people with HIV.[3]
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Schwartz, Ilan S.; Govender, Nelesh P.; Sigler, Lynne; Jiang, Yanping; Maphanga, Tsidiso G.; Toplis, Barbra; Botha, Alfred; Dukik, Karolina; Hoving, J. Claire; Muñoz, Jose F.; Hoog, Sybren de; Cuomo, Christina A.; Colebunders, Robert; Kenyon, Chris (19 September 2019). "Emergomyces: The global rise of new dimorphic fungal pathogens". PLOS Pathogens. 15 (9): e1007977. doi:10.1371/journal.ppat.1007977. ISSN 1553-7374. PMC 6752945. PMID 31536607.
- ^ a b c "ICD-11 - ICD-11 for Mortality and Morbidity Statistics". icd.who.int. Retrieved 28 May 2021.
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