Konrad Schumann leaping over barbed wire into West Berlin on August 15, 1961, three days after construction began on the Berlin Wall[1]
Date
1945–1992
Participants
Defectors from the Eastern Bloc
Outcome
Brain drain in the Eastern Bloc
Implementation of border restrictions
Construction of the Berlin Wall
Eastern Bloc
Republicsof theUSSR
Armenia
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Related organizations
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Fall
Singing Revolution
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Breakup of Yugoslavia
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Dissolution of Czechoslovakia
v
t
e
After World War II, emigration restrictions were imposed by countries in the Eastern Bloc, which consisted of the Soviet Union and its satellite states in Central and Eastern Europe. Legal emigration was in most cases only possible in order to reunite families or to allow members of minority ethnic groups to return to their homelands.
Eastern Bloc governments argued that strict limits to emigration were necessary to prevent a brain drain. The United States and Western European governments argued that they represented a violation of human rights. Despite the restrictions, defections to the West occurred.
After East Germany tightened its zonal occupation border with West Germany, the city sector border between East Berlin and West Berlin became a loophole through which defection could occur. This was closed with the erection of the Berlin Wall in August 1961. Thereafter, emigration from the Eastern Bloc was effectively limited to illegal defections, ethnic emigration under bilateral agreements, and a small number of other cases.
^Perkes, Dan; Hal Buell; Norm Goldstein (1984), Moments in Time: 50 Years of Associated Press News Photos, The Associated Press, p. 56, ISBN 0-917360-07-9
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