Temporal range: Earliest Miocene - Present, 23–0 Ma
PreꞒ
Ꞓ
O
S
D
C
P
T
J
K
Pg
N
Gomphotherium skeleton
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Class:
Mammalia
Order:
Proboscidea
Clade:
Elephantimorpha
Clade:
Elephantida Tassy & Shoshani, 1997
Subgroups[1][2]
†Choerolophodontidae
†Amebelodontidae
†Gomphotheriidae
Elephantoidea
Elephantida is a group that contains the elephants as well as their extinct relatives, the gomphotheres, choerolophodontids, amebelodontids ("shovel tuskers") and the stegodontids. The following cladogram shows the relationships among elephantidans, based on hyoid characteristics:[1]
Elephantimorpha
†Mammutidae (Mastodons)
Elephantida
†Gomphotheriidae (Gomphotheres)
Elephantoidea
†Stegodontidae (Stegodontids)
Elephantidae
^ abShoshani, J.; Ferretti, M. P.; Lister, A. M.; Agenbroad, L. D.; Saegusa, H.; Mol, D.; Takahashi, K. (2007). "Relationships within the Elephantinae using hyoid characters". Quaternary International. 169–170: 174–185. Bibcode:2007QuInt.169..174S. doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2007.02.003.
^Mothé, Dimila; Ferretti, Marco P.; Avilla, Leonardo S. (12 January 2016). "The Dance of Tusks: Rediscovery of Lower Incisors in the Pan-American Proboscidean Cuvieronius hyodon Revises Incisor Evolution in Elephantimorpha". PLOS ONE. 11 (1): e0147009. Bibcode:2016PLoSO..1147009M. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147009. PMC 4710528. PMID 26756209.
Elephantida is a group that contains the elephants as well as their extinct relatives, the gomphotheres, choerolophodontids, amebelodontids ("shovel tuskers")...
elephants and gomphotheres (Elephantida). It is disputed as to whether Phiomia is closely related to both Mammutidae and Elephantida with Palaeomastodon being...
Elephantimorpha is a group that contains the Mammutidae (mastodons), as well as Elephantida (amebelodonts, choerolophodonts, gomphotheres, stegodontids and elephantids)...
horizontal tooth replacement evolved in parallel in mammutids and members of Elephantida (which includes gomphotheres and elephants), though this is uncertain...
Over the course of the Neogene and Pleistocene, various members of Elephantida shifted from a browse-dominated diet towards mixed feeding or grazing...
the elephantimorph clade Mammutida (the other elephantimorph clade is Elephantida). The Mammutidae is characterized by molars with zygodont-form crests...
closely related to other members of Mammutidae than other mammutids are to Elephantida, making Mammutidae as typically defined paraphyletic. Tassy, P. and Pickford...
Global Information
