Electrochemiluminescence or electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a kind of luminescence produced during electrochemical reactions in solutions. In electrogenerated chemiluminescence, electrochemically generated intermediates undergo a highly exergonic reaction to produce an electronically excited state that then emits light upon relaxation to a lower-level state. This wavelength of the emitted photon of light corresponds to the energy gap between these two states.[1][2] ECL excitation can be caused by energetic electron transfer (redox) reactions of electrogenerated species. Such luminescence excitation is a form of chemiluminescence where one/all reactants are produced electrochemically on the electrodes.[3]
ECL is usually observed during application of potential (several volts) to electrodes of electrochemical cell that contains solution of luminescent species (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metal complexes, quantum dots or nanoparticles[4]) in aprotic organic solvent (ECL composition).
In organic solvents both oxidized and reduced forms of luminescent species can be produced at different electrodes simultaneously or at a single one by sweeping its potential between oxidation and reduction. The excitation energy is obtained from recombination of oxidized and reduced species.
In aqueous medium, which is mostly used for analytical applications, simultaneous oxidation and reduction of luminescent species is difficult to achieve due to electrochemical splitting of water itself so the ECL reaction with the coreactants is used. In the latter case luminescent species are oxidized at the electrode together with the coreactant which gives a strong reducing agent after some chemical transformations (the oxidative reduction mechanism).
Schematic representation of the "oxidative-reduction" heterogeneous ECL mechanisms for the couple Ru(bpy)32+/TPrA. The ECL generation is obtained only by TPrA oxidation and involving the homogeneous reaction of the radical cation (TPrA°+), as proposed by Bard.[5] The luminophore in the excited state Ru2+* relaxes to the ground state and emits photon. Inset image of electrode surface during an ECL emission [6]
^Forster RJ, Bertoncello P, Keyes TE (2009). "Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence". Annual Review of Analytical Chemistry. 2: 359–85. Bibcode:2009ARAC....2..359F. doi:10.1146/annurev-anchem-060908-155305. PMID 20636067.
^Valenti G, Fiorani A, Li H, Sojic N, Paolucci F (2016). "Essential Role of Electrode Materials in Electrochemiluminescence Applications". ChemElectroChem. 3 (12): 1990–1997. doi:10.1002/celc.201600602. hdl:11585/591485.
^Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence, Edited by Allen J. Bard, Marcel Dekker, Inc., 2004
^Valenti G, Rampazzo R, Bonacchi S, Petrizza L, Marcaccio M, Montalti M, Prodi L, Paolucci F (2016). "Variable Doping Induces Mechanism Swapping in Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence of Ru(bpy)32+ Core−Shell Silica Nanoparticles". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 138 (49): 15935–15942. doi:10.1021/jacs.6b08239. hdl:11585/583548. PMID 27960352.
^Miao W, Choi J, Bard A (2002). "Electrogenerated Chemiluminescence 69: The Tris(2,2′-bipyridine)ruthenium(II), (Ru(bpy)32+)/ Tri-n-propylamine (TPrA) System RevisitedsA New Route Involving TPrA•+ Cation Radicals". J. Am. Chem. Soc. 124 (48): 14478–14485. doi:10.1021/ja027532v.
^Valenti G, Zangheri M, Sansaloni S, Mirasoli M, Penicaud A, Roda A, Paolucci F (2015). "Transparent Carbon Nanotube Network for Efficient Electrochemiluminescence Devices". Chemistry: A European Journal. 21 (36): 12640–12645. doi:10.1002/chem.201501342. PMID 26150130.
and 28 Related for: Electrochemiluminescence information
Electrochemiluminescence or electrogenerated chemiluminescence (ECL) is a kind of luminescence produced during electrochemical reactions in solutions....
chemical reactions (chemiluminescence), reactions in a liquid (electrochemiluminescence), sound (sonoluminescence), or other mechanical action (mechanoluminescence)...
sourcePages displaying short descriptions of redirect targets Electrochemiluminescence is light resulting from an electrochemical reaction. Electroluminescence...
is a colorless liquid with a "fishy" odor. It has been used in electrochemiluminescence as a coreactant. Eller, Karsten; Henkes, Erhard; Rossbacher, Roland;...
Bioluminescence, a result of biochemical reactions in a living organism Electrochemiluminescence, a result of an electrochemical reaction Lyoluminescence, a result...
physicochemical way: optical, piezoelectric, electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence etc., resulting from the interaction of the analyte with the biological...
that often employ fluorogenic reporters. Some labels work via electrochemiluminescence (ECL), in which the label emits detectable light in response to...
induced by an electrochemical stimulus, in this case is called electrochemiluminescence. Chemiluminescence was first observed with lophine (triphenylimidazole)...
It can be produced through ultrasound, or through other means. Electrochemiluminescence is the emission induced by an electrochemical stimulus. Fractoluminescence...
rubrene molecule that emits at 540 nm. This phenomenon is called electrochemiluminescence. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Rubrene. Sawatzki-Park...
like color or absorbance at a particular wavelength or light or Electrochemiluminescence or electrical/redox activity. Light detection systems that may...
measurement are sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), electrochemiluminescence, and high-sensitive single molecule array (SIMOA). It is associated...
Global Information