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Electricity sector of India
Data
Electricity coverage
99.94% (31 March 2019)[1]
Installed capacity
441,969 MW[2]
Production (FY2022)
1719.442 TWh[3]
GHG emissions from electricity generation (2018)
2,309.98 Mt of CO2[4]
Average electricity use (FY2023)
1,327 kWh per capita[5]
Transmission & Distribution losses (FY2022)
15%[3]
Consumption by sector (% of total)
Residential
25.77%[3] (FY2022)
Industrial
41.16%[3] (FY2022)
Agriculture
17.67%[3] (FY2022)
Commercial
8.29%[3] (FY2022)
Traction
1.53%[3] (FY2022)
Tariffs and financing
Average residential tariff (US$/kW·h, Dec. 2020)
₹5.75 (7.2¢ US)[6]
Average commercial tariff (US$/kW·h, Dec. 2020)
₹8.64 (11¢ US)[6]
Services
Share of private sector in generation
33.46% (FY2020)[7]
Institutions
Responsibility for policy-setting
Ministry of Power
Responsibility for renewable energy
Ministry of New and Renewable Energy
Responsibility for the environment
Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change
Electricity sector law
Electricity Act, 2003
India is the third largest producer of electricity in the world.[8]
During the fiscal year (FY) 2022–23, the total electricity generation in the country was 1,844 TWh, of which 1,618 TWh was generated by utilities.[5]
The gross electricity consumption per capita in FY2023 was 1,327 kWh.[5] In FY2015, electric energy consumption in agriculture was recorded as being the highest (17.89%) worldwide.[7]
The per capita electricity consumption is low compared to most other countries despite India having a low electricity tariff.[9]
The Indian national electric grid has an installed capacity of 442.0 GW as of 31 March 2024.[10] Renewable energy plants, which also include large hydroelectric power plants, constitute 43% of the total installed capacity.
In 2021, India's electricity generation was heavily reliant on coal, which constituted 71.5% of the total output. Natural gas contributed 3.8%, nuclear energy 2.9%, and oil 0.3%. Renewable energy sources collectively accounted for 21.5% of the generation, with hydroelectric power at 9.9%, wind power at 4.7%, solar photovoltaic (PV) at 4.6%, biofuels at 2.1%, and waste at 0.2%.[11][12][13]
The government declared its efforts to increase investment in renewable energy. Under the government's 2023-2027 National Electricity Plan, India will not build any new fossil fuel power plants in the utility sector, aside from those currently under construction.[14][15] It is expected that non-fossil fuel generation contribution is likely to reach around 44.7% of the total gross electricity generation by 2029–30.[16]
^Cite error: The named reference hhe was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Power Sector at a Glance ALL INDIA | Government of India | Ministry of Power". powermin.gov.in. Archived from the original on 4 November 2021. Retrieved 24 November 2022.
^ abcdefgCite error: The named reference esi was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"IEA India". Archived from the original on 20 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
^ abcCite error: The named reference gr23 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ ab"India electricity prices, December 2020". GlobalPetrolPrices.com. Archived from the original on 21 September 2021. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
^ ab"Growth of Electricity Sector in India from 1947–2020" (PDF). Central Electricity Authority. October 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 27 October 2021. Retrieved 22 September 2021.
^"BP Statistical Review of World Energy 2021 (page 63)" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 12 December 2021. Retrieved 23 November 2021.
^"Tariff & duty of electricity supply in India". report. CEA, Govt. of India. March 2014. Archived from the original on 26 August 2015. Retrieved 27 October 2015.
^Cite error: The named reference exma was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"India - Countries & Regions". IEA. Retrieved 19 April 2024.
^"Koyala Darpan / Coal Dashboard". Archived from the original on 16 February 2022. Retrieved 17 February 2022.
^"Global electricity review-India". 28 March 2021. Archived from the original on 29 March 2021. Retrieved 30 March 2021.
^"National Electricity Plan, 2022-27" (PDF). September 2022. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 September 2022. Retrieved 14 September 2022.
^Arasu, Sibi (1 June 2023). "Next green leader? India halts new coal plant construction". The Christian Science Monitor. Archived from the original on 15 August 2023. Retrieved 15 August 2023.
^"Optimal generation capacity mix" (PDF). CEA, Govt. of India. January 2020. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2 July 2021. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
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