An effluent decontamination system (EDS) is a device, or suite of devices, designed to decontaminate or sterilise biologically active or biohazardous materials in fluid and liquid waste material. Facility types that may utilise an EDS include hospitals, food and beverage industry plants, research laboratories, agricultural and animal research facilities, pharmaceutical production facilities, and governmental or military facilities.[1] In fact, all facilities in the United States of America that produce liquid waste of Biosafety Level 2 and above must decontaminate their waste before discharging it into a public sewer system.[2]
Examples of liquids sterilised in an EDS include the shower water from personnel decontamination rooms, and the waste water from washing down animal rooms in laboratory environments.[3]
Effluent Decontamination Systems are an essential feature of Biosafety Level 4 laboratories.
While EDS are designed chiefly to sterilise liquid waste, they can in some instances sterilise solid material carried by the liquid effluent. However the EDS may require grinders[4] to break down the solid materials before they enter site of sterilisation in the EDS, and macerating paddles[5] to stir effluent held in tanks, reducing congelation.
EDS vary in their design and function, however the use of either chemical or heat sterilisation is common.
^Daugelat, Sabine; Phyu, Sabai; Taillens, Charles; Wee, Hooi Leong; Mattila, Juha; Nurminen, Teppo; McDonnell, Gerald (1 June 2008). "The Design and Testing of a Continuous Effluent Sterilization System for Liquid Waste". Applied Biosafety. 13 (2): 105–112. doi:10.1177/153567600801300205. S2CID 16186873. Retrieved 12 October 2020.
^Chmielewski, Revis; Day, Michael; Spatz, Stephen; Yu, Qingzhong; Gast, Richard; Zsak, Laslo; Swayne, David (1 December 2011). "Thermal Inactivation of Avian Viral and Bacterial Pathogens in an Effluent Treatment System within a Biosafety Level 2 and 3 Enhanced Facility". Applied Biosafety. 16 (4): 206–217. doi:10.1177/153567601101600402. S2CID 15883828.
^Trembalay, Gilles; Langer-Curry, Rebecca; Chris, Kiley; Cory, Ziegler (2010). "Effluent Decontamination Systems: Addressing the Challenges of Planning, Designing, Testing, and Validation". Applied Biosafety. 15 (3): 119–129. doi:10.1177/153567601001500304. S2CID 114865675.
^Trembalay, Gilles; Langer-Curry, Rebecca; Chris, Kiley; Cory, Ziegler (2010). "Effluent Decontamination Systems: Addressing the Challenges of Planning, Designing, Testing, and Validation". Applied Biosafety. 15 (3): 119–129. doi:10.1177/153567601001500304. S2CID 114865675.
^Trembalay, Gilles; Langer-Curry, Rebecca; Chris, Kiley; Cory, Ziegler (2010). "Effluent Decontamination Systems: Addressing the Challenges of Planning, Designing, Testing, and Validation". Applied Biosafety. 15 (3): 119–129. doi:10.1177/153567601001500304. S2CID 114865675.
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