Symbiosis in which the symbiont lives on the body surface of the host
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: "Ectosymbiosis" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR(May 2017) (Learn how and when to remove this message)
European mistletoe is an example of an ectosymbiotic parasite that lives on top of trees and removes nutrients and water.
Ectosymbiosis is a form of symbiotic behavior in which an organism lives on the body surface of another organism (the host), including internal surfaces such as the lining of the digestive tube and the ducts of glands. The ectosymbiotic species, or ectosymbiont, is generally an immobile (or sessile) organism existing off of biotic substrate through mutualism, commensalism, or parasitism.[1][2] Ectosymbiosis is found throughout a diverse array of environments and in many different species.
In some species the symbiotic environment provided by both the parasite and host are mutually beneficial. In recent research it has been found that these micro-flora will evolve and diversify rapidly in response to a change in the external environment, in order to stabilize and maintain a beneficial ectosymbiotic environment.[3]
^M., Key Jr., Marcus; B., Jeffries, William; K., Voris, Harold; M., Yang, Chang (March 1996). "Epizoic Bryozoans, Horseshoe Crabs, and other Mobile Benthic Substrates". www.ingentaconnect.com. Retrieved 2018-11-29.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
^Williams, Jason D; McDermott, John J (July 2004). "Hermit crab biocoenoses: a worldwide review of the diversity and natural history of hermit crab associates". Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology. 305 (1): 1–128. doi:10.1016/j.jembe.2004.02.020. ISSN 0022-0981.
^Papot, Claire; Massol, François; Jollivet, Didier; Tasiemski, Aurélie (2017-05-03). "Antagonistic evolution of an antibiotic and its molecular chaperone: how to maintain a vital ectosymbiosis in a highly fluctuating habitat". Scientific Reports. 7 (1): 1454. Bibcode:2017NatSR...7.1454P. doi:10.1038/s41598-017-01626-2. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 5431198. PMID 28469247.
the success of ectosymbiosis. Ectosymbiosis has independently evolved through convergent evolution in all domains of life. Ectosymbiosis allows niches...
on the surface of another, such as head lice on humans, it is called ectosymbiosis; when one partner lives inside the tissues of another, such as Symbiodinium...
1160423. PMC 2761720. PMID 18832638. Francke-Grossmann, H. (1967). "Ectosymbiosis in wood inhabiting insects". In M. Henry (ed.). Symbiosis. Vol. 2. New...
evolving into the eukaryotic cells that people are familiar with today. Ectosymbiosis is defined as a symbiotic relationship in which one organism lives on...
dolichoderines in the region as well. Another example of this type of ectosymbiosis comes from the Macaranga tree, which has stems adapted to house colonies...
organism living on the surface of another organism Anagenesis Endophyte Ectosymbiosis List of symbiotic organisms List of symbiotic relationships Multigenomic...
their goals. The notions of mutualism, commensalism, endosymbiosis and ectosymbiosis may then be interpreted for a device ecology with devices of different...
Australorbis and many other genera) and can freely move (so-called commensal ectosymbiosis). It consumes various tiny organisms that it manages to suck in from...
Kelhoffer (2005), pp. 30–31. Hartzell, Albert (2013). "Chapter 2. Insect Ectosymbiosis". In Henry, S. Mark (ed.). Symbiosis: Associations of Invertebrates...
in addition to exospore formation. This is an example of parasitic ectosymbiosis. and it represents a novel inter-species interaction in the oral microbiota...
and uptake of host metabolites. All in all it is a prime example of ectosymbiosis. For those species that bear symbiotic algae, experiments have shown...
Global Information
