Interdependence of human economies and natural ecosystems
For the academic journal, see Ecological Economics (journal).
Not to be confused with Environmental economics.
Part of a series on
Ecological economics
Humanity's economic system viewed as a subsystem of the global environment
Concepts
Carbon fee and dividend
Carrying capacity
Ecological market failure
Ecological model of competition
Ecosystem services
Embodied energy
Energy accounting
Entropy pessimism
Index of Sustainable Economic Welfare
Natural capital
Spaceship Earth
Steady-state economy
Sustainability, 'weak' vs 'strong'
Uneconomic growth
People
Serhiy Podolynsky
Frederick Soddy
Nicholas Georgescu-Roegen
Kenneth E. Boulding
E. F. Schumacher
Robert Ayres
Herman Daly
Joan Martinez Alier
Richard B. Norgaard
Robert Costanza
Tim Jackson
Clive Spash
Organizations:
International Society for Ecological Economics
Works
Wealth, Virtual Wealth and Debt
The Entropy Law and the Economic Process
The Limits to Growth
Small Is Beautiful
Prosperity Without Growth
Ecological Economics (journal)
Related topics
Degrowth
Eco-investing
Eco-socialism
Environmental economics
Externality
Green politics
Planetary boundaries
Post-growth
Sustainable finance
Thermodynamics
Thermoeconomics
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Ecological economics, bioeconomics, ecolonomy, eco-economics, or ecol-econ is both a transdisciplinary and an interdisciplinary field of academic research addressing the interdependence and coevolution of human economies and natural ecosystems, both intertemporally and spatially.[1] By treating the economy as a subsystem of Earth's larger ecosystem, and by emphasizing the preservation of natural capital, the field of ecological economics is differentiated from environmental economics, which is the mainstream economic analysis of the environment.[2] One survey of German economists found that ecological and environmental economics are different schools of economic thought, with ecological economists emphasizing strong sustainability and rejecting the proposition that physical (human-made) capital can substitute for natural capital (see the section on weak versus strong sustainability below).[3]
Ecological economics was founded in the 1980s as a modern discipline on the works of and interactions between various European and American academics (see the section on History and development below). The related field of green economics is in general a more politically applied form of the subject.[4][5]
According to ecological economist Malte Michael Faber [de], ecological economics is defined by its focus on nature, justice, and time. Issues of intergenerational equity, irreversibility of environmental change, uncertainty of long-term outcomes, and sustainable development guide ecological economic analysis and valuation.[6] Ecological economists have questioned fundamental mainstream economic approaches such as cost-benefit analysis, and the separability of economic values from scientific research, contending that economics is unavoidably normative, i.e. prescriptive, rather than positive or descriptive.[7] Positional analysis, which attempts to incorporate time and justice issues, is proposed as an alternative.[8][9] Ecological economics shares several of its perspectives with feminist economics, including the focus on sustainability, nature, justice and care values.[10] Karl Marx also commented on relationship between capital and ecology, what is now known as ecosocialism.[11]
^Anastasios Xepapadeas (2008). "Ecological economics". The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics 2nd Edition. Palgrave MacMillan.
^Jeroen C.J.M. van den Bergh (2001). "Ecological Economics: Themes, Approaches, and Differences with Environmental Economics," Regional Environmental Change, 2(1), pp. 13-23 Archived 2008-10-31 at the Wayback Machine (press +).
^Illge L, Schwarze R. (2006). A Matter of Opinion: How Ecological and Neoclassical Environmental Economists Think about Sustainability and Economics Archived 2006-11-30 at the Wayback Machine. German Institute for Economic Research.
^Paehlke R. (1995). Conservation and Environmentalism: An Encyclopedia, p. 315. Taylor & Francis.
^Scott Cato, M. (2009). Green Economics. Earthscan, London. ISBN 978-1-84407-571-3.
^Malte Faber. (2008). How to be an ecological economist. Ecological Economics66(1):1-7. Preprint.
^Victor, Peter (2008). "Book Review: Frontiers in Ecological Economic Theory and Application". Ecological Economics. 66 (2–3): 2–3. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.12.032.
^Mattson L. (1975). Book Review: Positional Analysis for Decision-Making and Planning by Peter Soderbaum. The Swedish Journal of Economics.
^Soderbaum, P. 2008. Understanding Sustainability Economics. Earthscan, London. ISBN 978-1-84407-627-7. pp.109-110, 113-117.
^Aslaksen, Iulie; Bragstad, Torunn; Ås, Berit (2014). "Feminist Economics as Vision for a Sustainable Future". In Bjørnholt, Margunn; McKay, Ailsa (eds.). Counting on Marilyn Waring: New Advances in Feminist Economics. Demeter Press/Brunswick Books. pp. 21–36. ISBN 9781927335277.
^Erald Kolasi (April 2021), "The Physics of Capitalism", Sustainable Human Development, The Jus Semper Global Alliance
and 24 Related for: Ecological economics information
Ecologicaleconomics, bioeconomics, ecolonomy, eco-economics, or ecol-econ is both a transdisciplinary and an interdisciplinary field of academic research...
and global warming." Environmental economics is distinguished from ecologicaleconomics in that ecologicaleconomics emphasizes the economy as a subsystem...
PMID 32561753. Rees, William E. (2020). "Ecologicaleconomics for humanity's plague phase". EcologicalEconomics. 169: 106519. Bibcode:2020EcoEc.16906519R...
process? A survey of Georgescu-Roegen's contribution to ecologicaleconomics". EcologicalEconomics. 22 (3): 203–223. doi:10.1016/S0921-8009(97)00079-7....
biological and ecological systems. Systems ecologists realise that the function of any ecosystem can be influenced by human economics in fundamental ways...
migrants. The study of these conflicts is related to the fields of ecologicaleconomics, political ecology, and environmental justice. Environmental justice...
Keynesian), ecological, Austrian, humanistic, complexity, Marxian, socialist, anarchist and modern monetary theory economics. Economics may be called...
on efficient allocation, ecologicaleconomics emphasizes sustainability of scale and just distribution. Ecologicaleconomics also differ from neoclassical...
Perrings, Charles (July 1992). "Towards an ecologicaleconomics of sustainability". EcologicalEconomics. 6 (1): 7–34. doi:10.1016/0921-8009(92)90036-R...
Austrian economics and Marxian economics. Some more recent developments in economic thought such as feminist economics and ecologicaleconomics adapt and...
(1987). EcologicalEconomics: Energy, Environment and Society. Oxford: Basil Blackwell. ISBN 0631171460. Daly, Herman E. (1992). Steady-state economics (2nd ed...
barriers to investing in natural capital: Economics from an ecological footprint perspective". EcologicalEconomics. 20 (1): 3–24. Bibcode:1997EcoEc..20....
for EcologicalEconomics (ISEE) was founded in 1989, based heavily on the work of Herman Daly to promote ecologicaleconomics and assist ecological economists...
An ecological pyramid (also trophic pyramid, Eltonian pyramid, energy pyramid, or sometimes food pyramid) is a graphical representation designed to show...
conception, the term Ecological Distribution Conflict has been linked to research from the fields of political ecology, ecologicaleconomics, and ecofeminism...
OCLC 965142394. Hagens, N. J. (2020-03-01). "Economics for the future – Beyond the superorganism". EcologicalEconomics. 169: 106520. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019...
solutions are considered in ecological time. In selecting between alternatives, the design should incorporate ecologicaleconomics in design evaluation and...
he was awarded the Right Livelihood Award for "defining a path of ecologicaleconomics that integrates the key elements of ethics, quality of life, environment...
ecologicaleconomics also bears some similarity to the topic of green economics. According to ecological economist Malte Faber, ecologicaleconomics is...
April 25, 2018 Rees, William E. (2020). "Ecologicaleconomics for humanity's plague phase". EcologicalEconomics. 169: 106519. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2019...