Ducato di Parma e Piacenza(Italian) Ducatus Parmae et Placentiae(Latin)
1545–1802 (1808) 1814–1859
Top: 1545–1731 Bottom: 1851–1859
Coat of Arms under the Farnese
Coat of Arms under the Bourbon-Parma
Motto: Dirige me Domine!(Latin)
Lead me, oh Lord!
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (green)
Northern Italy in 1815.
Status
Duchy
Capital
Parma Piacenza
Common languages
Emilian
Italian
Latin
Religion
Roman Catholicism
Demonym(s)
Parman
Government
Absolute monarchy
Duchy
Duke
• 1545–1547
Pier Luigi Farnese (first)
• 1854–1859
Robert I (last)
History
• Creation and granting of the title of duke to Pier Luigi Farnese by Pope Paul III
16 September 1545
• Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
24 April 1748
• French administration
1 November 1802
• Formal annexation by France
1808
• Restored
11 April 1814
• Italian unification
3 December 1859
Population
• Estimate
501,000 in the 19th century
Currency
Parman lira
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Papal States
Taro (department)
Duchy of Guastalla
Kingdom of Etruria
Taro (department)
Kingdom of Etruria
United Provinces of Central Italy
Today part of
Italy
The Duchy of Parma and Piacenza (Italian: Ducato di Parma e Piacenza, Latin: Ducatus Parmae et Placentiae) was an Italian state created in 1545 and located in northern Italy, in the current region of Emilia-Romagna.[1]
Originally a realm of the Farnese family after Pope Paul III made it a hereditary duchy for his son, Pier Luigi Farnese, it was ruled by the dynasty until 1731, when the last duke, Antonio Farnese, died without direct heirs.[1][2] After a decade of Habsburg rule, the duchy passed to the House of Bourbon-Parma.
It was invaded by Napoleon and annexed by France, having its sovereignty restored in 1814 after Napoleon's defeat. Napoleon's wife, Marie Louise (Maria Luigia), then ruled as its duchess until her death. Parma was restored to Bourbon rule in 1847, and in 1859, the duchy was formally abolished as it was integrated into the new Italian state.[1]
^ abc"Duchy of Parma and Piacenza | historical duchy, Italy". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 2020-11-02.
^"Parma e Piacenza, ducato di nell'Enciclopedia Treccani". www.treccani.it (in Italian). Retrieved 2021-08-05.
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