Southeast Europe c. 850; Duchy of Croatia is shaded pink.
Capital
No permanent seat[2] Nin Klis Bijaći Solin Knin
Common languages
Old Croatian
Latin
Religion
Slavic paganism
Christianity
Demonym(s)
Croats
Government
Duchy
Duke
• early 7th century
"Father of Porga" and Porga (first Archons)
• 810–821
Borna (first known Duke)
• 910–925
Tomislav (last Duke)
Historical era
Middle Ages
• Established
7th century[1]
• Frankish vassalage
790s
• Papal recognition
7 June 879
• Elevated to the status of kingdom
c. 925a
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Byzantine Empire
Avar Khaganate
Kingdom of Croatia
Today part of
Croatia
Bosnia and Herzegovina
^ Tomislav is regarded as the first king due to being addressed as Rex (King) in a letter sent by Pope John X and the Councils of Split in 925 AD. Circumstances and the date of his coronation are unknown.[3]
The Duchy of Croatia (Croatian: Kneževina Hrvatska; also Duchy of the Croats, Croatian: Kneževina Hrvata; Greek: Χρωβατία) was a medieval state that was established by White Croats who migrated into the area of the former Roman province of Dalmatia c. 7th century CE. Throughout its existence the Duchy had several seats – namely, Klis, Solin, Knin, Bijaći and Nin. It comprised the littoral – the coastal part of today's Croatia – except Istria, and included a large part of the mountainous hinterland as well. The Duchy was in the center of competition between the Carolingian Empire and the Byzantine Empire for rule over the area. Croatian rivalry with Venice emerged in the first decades of the 9th century and would continue through the following centuries. Croatia also waged battles with the Bulgarian Empire (founded c. 681; Bulgar-Croatian relations improved greatly afterwards) and with the Arabs; it also sought to extend its control over important coastal cities under the rule of Byzantium. Croatia experienced periods of vassalage to the Franks or to the Byzantines and of de facto independence until 879, when Duke Branimir was recognized as an independent ruler by Pope John VIII. The Duchy was ruled by the Trpimirović and Domagojević dynasties from 845 to 1091. Around 925, during the rule of Tomislav, Croatia became a kingdom.
^During the reign of Heraclius (r. 610–641). De Administrando Imperio chapter 30.
^Neven Budak - Prva stoljeća Hrvatske, Zagreb, 1994., page 13 (in Croatian)
^Van Antwerp Fine, John (1991). The Early Medieval Balkans. University of Michigan Press. p. 264. ISBN 0472081497.
The DuchyofCroatia (Croatian: Kneževina Hrvatska; also Duchyof the Croats, Croatian: Kneževina Hrvata; Greek: Χρωβατία) was a medieval state that was...
Pannonia DuchyofCroatia Pagania Poljica duchyDuchyof Schleswig Duchyof Holstein (formerly part of the Holy Roman Empire) Duchyof Cornwall Duchyof Lancaster...
Byzantine Empire. Croatia, as a polity, first appeared as a duchy in the 7th century, the DuchyofCroatia. With the nearby Principality of Lower Pannonia...
Medieval Croatia included the following states and regions: Duchyof Pannonian Croatia - medieval duchy from 9th century DuchyofCroatia - medieval duchy, in...
the territory into two duchies. Croatia was first internationally recognized as independent on 7 June 879 during the reign of Duke Branimir. Tomislav...
reign of Duke Ljudevit. The sparsely-populated area between the Sava and Drava rivers was on the outskirts of Hungary and the DuchyofCroatia (centered...
founded on the former large province of Dalmatia was the DuchyofCroatia and Borna ofCroatia (803–821) is one of the earliest recorded rulers in Dalmatia...
is an incomplete list of wars fought by Croatia, by Croatian people or regular armies during periods when independent Croatian states existed, from the...
counties. One of them probably was early DuchyofCroatia (which also expanded upon the territory of Sisak) while Pannonia again became part of the Pannonian...
ruler of the DuchyofCroatia during which rule the Croats were baptized. He succeeded his father as the archon ofCroats, who ruled when the Croats successfully...
authorized the translation of the Bible into Slavonic. John also extended diplomatic recognition to the DuchyofCroatia and resolved the Photian schism...
Branimir (Latin: Branimiro) was a ruler ofDuchyofCroatia who reigned as duke (Croatian: knez) from 879 to c. 892. His country received papal recognition...
Republic ofCroatia (Serbo-Croatian: Socijalistička Republika Hrvatska / Социјалистичка Република Хрватска), commonly abbreviated as SR Croatia and referred...
Duchy ofCroatia and the Banate of Bosnia, and West Slavs in the Principality of Nitra, Great Moravia, the Duchyof Bohemia, and the Kingdom of Poland...
Croatia or Merania", specifying (imprecisely) that the duchy neighboured Zahumlje and Raška. The actual duchy contained at most only a small part of the...
The Kingdom ofCroatia (Croatian: Kraljevina Hrvatska, Hrvatsko kraljevstvo, Hrvatska zemlja; Hungarian: Horvát királyság; Latin: Regnum Croatiae) entered...
The Independent State ofCroatia (Serbo-Croatian: Nezavisna Država Hrvatska, NDH; German: Unabhängiger Staat Kroatien; Italian: Stato indipendente di Croazia)...
The Duchyof Carniola (Slovene: Vojvodina Kranjska, German: Herzogtum Krain, Hungarian: Krajna) was an imperial estate of the Holy Roman Empire, established...
soon started accepting Christianity during the time of Porga, the first known archon ofDuchyofCroatia. Others who stayed in their Carpathian homeland continued...
established duchies culminating in the DuchyofCroatia. Dukes or Duchesses were to rule a large territories within the Kingdom. Under the rule of the country's...
control of the Northwest Balkan regions. Two independent Slavic dukedoms emerged sometime during the 9th century: the DuchyofCroatia and Principality of Lower...
Mutimir, was a duke (Croatian: knez) of the DuchyofCroatia and reigned from 892 to around 910. He was a member of the House of Trpimirović. Muncimir...
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