For the process of transferring or copying audio material, see Dubbing (music). For the UK garage subgenre, see Dubstep.
Dub
Stylistic origins
Reggae
electronic
ska
rocksteady
Cultural origins
Late 1960s, Jamaica
Derivative forms
Ambient
big beat
dancehall
dembow
drum and bass
dubstep
grime
hip hop
house
jungle
post-disco
post-punk
post-rock
techno
trip hop
Subgenres
Dub poetry
Fusion genres
Dubtronica
dub techno
psydub
Other topics
List of dub artists
Dub is an electronic musical style that grew out of reggae in the late 1960s and early 1970s. It is commonly considered a subgenre of reggae, though it has developed to extend beyond that style.[1] Generally, dub consists of remixes of existing recordings[2] created by significantly manipulating the original, usually through the removal of vocal parts, emphasis of the rhythm section (the stripped-down drum-and-bass track is sometimes referred to as a riddim), the application of studio effects such as echo and reverb, and the occasional dubbing of vocal or instrumental snippets from the original version or other works.[3]
Dub was pioneered by recording engineers and producers such as Osbourne "King Tubby" Ruddock, Hopeton "Scientist" Brown, Lee "Scratch" Perry, Errol Thompson and others[1] beginning in the late 1960s. Augustus Pablo, who collaborated with many of these producers, is credited with bringing the distinct-sounding melodica to dub, and is also among the pioneers and creators of the genre. Similar experiments with recordings at the mixing desk outside the dancehall scene were also done by producers Clive Chin and Herman Chin Loy.[4] These producers, especially Ruddock and Perry, looked upon the mixing console as an instrument, manipulating tracks to come up with something new and different. The Roland Space Echo was widely used by dub producers in the 1970s to produce echo and delay effects.[5]
Dub has influenced many genres of music, including rock, most significantly the subgenre of post-punk and other kinds of punk,[6] pop,[7] hip hop,[6] post-disco, and later house,[8] techno,[8] ambient,[8] electronic dance music,[9] and trip hop.[8] Dub was a basis for the genres of jungle and drum and bass, as well as a major influence on dubstep, with its orientation around bass and utilization of audio effects.[10][11][12] Traditional dub has survived, and some of the originators such as Mad Professor continue to produce new material.
^ abDub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.2
^Chris Roberts, Heavy Words Lightly Thrown: The Reason Behind Rhyme, Thorndike Press,2006 (ISBN 0-7862-8517-6)
^Michael Veal (2013), Dub: Soundscapes and Shattered Songs in Jamaican Reggae, pages 26-44, "Electronic Music in Jamaica", Wesleyan University Press
^Larkin, Colin: "The Virgin Encyclopedia of Reggae", 1998, Virgin Books, ISBN 0-7535-0242-9
^Truesdell, Cliff (2007). Mastering Digital Audio Production: The Professional Music Workflow with Mac OS X. John Wiley & Sons. p. 310. ISBN 9780470165768.
^ abDub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.3
^Dub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.4
^ abcdDub: soundscapes and shattered songs in Jamaican reggae, p.1
^Roy Shuker (2012), Popular Music Culture: The Key Concepts, pages 117-118, Routledge
^Living through pop, p.107
^Discographies: dance music, culture and the politics of sound, p.79
^Multi-Ethnic Britain 2000+: New Perspectives in Literature, Film and the Arts, p. 263
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