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Visual representation of PTSD symptoms and related concepts
Dual representation theory (DRT) is a psychological theory of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) developed by Chris Brewin, Tim Dalgleish, and Stephen Joseph in 1996.[1] This theory proposes that certain symptoms of PTSD - such as nightmares, flashbacks, and emotional disturbance - may be attributed to memory processes that occur after exposure to a traumatic event. DRT proposes the existence of two separate memory systems that run in parallel during memory formation: the verbally accessible memory system (VAM) and situationally accessible memory system (SAM).[2] The VAM system contains information that was consciously processed and thus can be voluntarily recalled or described. In contrast, the SAM system contains unconsciously processed sensory information that cannot be voluntarily recalled.[3] This theory suggests that the VAM system is impaired during a traumatic event because conscious attention is narrowly drawn to threat-related information. Therefore, memory of the trauma is heavily focused on fear, which affects information processing. This gives rise to PTSD symptoms such as trauma-related cognitions, appraisals, and emotions. The SAM system captures vivid sensory information during the traumatic event, which is automatically recalled through exposure to trauma-related triggers. This system is thought to be responsible for the presence of flashbacks and nightmares in PTSD symptomatology.[1]
^ abBrewin, Chris R.; Dalgleish, Tim; Joseph, Stephen (1996). "A dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder". Psychological Review. 103 (4): 670–686. doi:10.1037/0033-295X.103.4.670. ISSN 1939-1471. PMID 8888651.
^Bisson, Jonathan I. (August 2009). "Psychological and social theories of post-traumatic stress disorder". Psychiatry. 8 (8): 290–292. doi:10.1016/j.mppsy.2009.05.003.
^Rubin, David C.; Boals, Adriel; Berntsen, Dorthe (2008). "Memory in posttraumatic stress disorder: Properties of voluntary and involuntary, traumatic and nontraumatic autobiographical memories in people with and without posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms". Journal of Experimental Psychology: General. 137 (4): 591–614. doi:10.1037/a0013165. ISSN 1939-2222. PMC 2597428. PMID 18999355.
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