African-American plaintiff in freedom suit (c.1799–1858)
For other uses, see Dred Scott (disambiguation).
Dred Scott
Scott c. 1857
Born
c. 1799
Southampton County, Virginia, U.S.
Died
September 17, 1858 (aged approximately 59)
St. Louis, Missouri, U.S.
Resting place
Calvary Cemetery
Known for
Dred Scott v. Sandford
Spouse
Harriet Robinson
(m. 1836)
Children
4 (2 died during infancy)
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Dred Scott (c. 1799 – September 17, 1858) was an enslaved African American man who, along with his wife, Harriet, unsuccessfully sued for the freedom of themselves and their two daughters, Eliza and Lizzie, in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case of 1857, popularly known as the "Dred Scott decision". The Scotts claimed that they should be granted freedom because Dred had lived in Illinois and the Wisconsin Territory for four years, where slavery was illegal, and laws in those jurisdictions said that slave holders gave up their rights to slaves if they stayed for an extended period.
In a landmark case, the United States Supreme Court decided 7–2 against Scott, finding that neither he nor any other person of African ancestry could claim citizenship in the United States, and therefore Scott could not bring suit in federal court under diversity of citizenship rules. Scott's temporary residence in free territory outside Missouri did not bring about his emancipation, because the Missouri Compromise, which made that territory free by prohibiting slavery north of the 36°30′ parallel, was unconstitutional because it "deprives citizens of their [slave] property without due process of law".
Although Chief Justice Roger B. Taney had hoped to settle issues related to slavery and congressional authority by this decision, it aroused public outrage, deepened sectional tensions between the northern and southern states, and hastened the eventual explosion of their differences into the American Civil War. President Abraham Lincoln's Emancipation Proclamation in 1863 and the post-Civil War Reconstruction Amendments—the Thirteenth, Fourteenth and Fifteenth amendments—nullified the decision. The Scotts were manumitted by private arrangement in May 1857. Dred Scott died of tuberculosis a year later.
daughters, Eliza and Lizzie, in the DredScott v. Sandford case of 1857, popularly known as the "DredScott decision". The Scotts claimed that they should be...
Harriet Robinson Scott (c. 1820 – June 17, 1876) was an African American woman who fought for her freedom alongside her husband, DredScott, for eleven years...
the Supreme Court's majority ruling in the pro-slavery decision in the DredScott case. He acceded to Southern attempts to engineer Kansas' entry into the...
one of the attorneys for the enslaved Dred and Harriet Scott and their daughters in 1853; as related to DredScott v. Sandford, where he argued for the...
Illinois. DredScott was a slave whose master took him from a slave state to a territory that was free as a result of the Missouri Compromise. After Scott was...
office, Buchanan lobbied the Supreme Court to issue a broad ruling in DredScott v. Sandford. Though Buchanan hoped that the Court's ruling would end the...
Pennsylvania and one of two justices to dissent in the landmark case of DredScott v. Sandford. McLean served on the court until his death in 1861. McLean...
the Civil War. Against the background of Bleeding Kansas, the case of DredScott, a slave who in 1846 had sued for his family's freedom in St. Louis, reached...
wherein they reside." The Amendment overrode the Supreme Court decision in DredScott v. Sandford (1857) that denied U.S. citizenship to African Americans,...
character PaRappa DredScott (ca. 1795 – September 17, 1858), American slave who sued unsuccessfully for his freedom in 1856 DredScott (rapper), American...
Paul Finkelman, DredScott v. Sandford: A Brief History with Documents (Bedford Books, 1997). Fehrenbacher, Don E. (1978). The DredScott Case: Its Significance...
won't dissolve the Union, and you shan't." The Lecompton Constitution and DredScott v. Sandford (the respondent's name, Sanford, was misspelled in the reports)...
seen in the court arguments of the 1857 court case DredScott v. Sandford, whether the slave DredScott could be a citizen with rights, including the right...
of DredScott v. Sandford held that all Americans of African descent were not legally citizens, and therefore could not file suit. Thus Mr. Scott, a slave...
process of law." The Fifth Amendment, however, was a two-edged sword. In DredScott v. Sandford, Chief Justice Roger B. Taney held that "the right of property...
decided DredScott v. Sandford in March 1857. After the enslaved man DredScott sued for his freedom, Chief Justice Roger Taney ruled that Scott was not...
doctrine began, at the federal level, with the infamous 1857 slavery case of DredScott v. Sandford. However, other critics contend that substantive due process...
through 1839. He was also part of the famous African American slave DredScott's struggle for freedom. Taliaferro was born at Whitehall Plantation in...
freed. Dred and Harriet Scott were enslaved at Fort Snelling from 1836–1840. Their enslaver, John Emerson, was the Fort's surgeon and brought Dred to Fort...