The dimachaeri (singular: dimachaerus) were a type of Roman gladiator that fought with two swords. The name is the Latin-language borrowing of the Greek word διμάχαιρος meaning "bearing two knives" (di- dual + machairi knife).
The dimachaeri were popular during the 2nd-4th centuries AD, and were probably considered to be "insidious" by many Romans.[1] Both written and pictorial records on dimachaeri are scant and rather indeterminate.[2] Thus, an inscription from Lyon, France, mentions such a type of gladiator, here spelled dymacherus.[3]