Diketopyrrolopyrroles (DPPs) are organic dyes and pigments based on the heterocyclic dilactam 2,5-dihydropyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-dione,[1][2][3] widely used in optoelectronics. DPPs were initially used as pigments in the painting industry (e.g. in automotive paints) due to their high resistance to photodegradation. More recently, DPP derivatives have been also investigated as promising fluorescent dyes for bioimaging applications,[4] as well as components of materials for use in organic electronics.[5][6][7][8][9][10][11][3][12]
^Wallquist, O.; Lenz, R. (2002-03-01). "DPP chemistry — continuous innovation". Surface Coatings International Part B: Coatings Transactions. 85 (1): 19–26. doi:10.1007/BF02699738. ISSN 1476-4865. S2CID 98773045.
^Grzybowski, Marek; Gryko, Daniel T. (2015). "Diketopyrrolopyrroles: Synthesis, Reactivity, and Optical Properties". Advanced Optical Materials. 3 (3): 280–320. doi:10.1002/adom.201400559. ISSN 2195-1071.
^Popli, Charu; Patil, Yuvraj; Misra, Rajneesh (2018-12-13). "Design and Synthesis of N -Phenylcarbazole-Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Monomers and Dimers: A Comparative Study: Design and Synthesis of N -Phenylcarbazole-Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Monomers and Dimers: A Comparative Study". European Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2018 (46): 6474–6481. doi:10.1002/ejoc.201801072. S2CID 105757956.
^Patil, Yuvraj; Jadhav, Thaksen; Dhokale, Bhausaheb; Misra, Rajneesh (February 2016). "Tuning of the HOMO-LUMO Gap of Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Ferrocenyl-Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrroles". European Journal of Organic Chemistry. 2016 (4): 733–738. doi:10.1002/ejoc.201501123.
^Patil, Yuvraj; Jadhav, Thaksen; Dhokale, Bhausaheb; Misra, Rajneesh (August 2016). "Design and Synthesis of Low HOMO-LUMO Gap N- Phenylcarbazole-Substituted Diketopyrrolopyrroles". Asian Journal of Organic Chemistry. 5 (8): 1008–1014. doi:10.1002/ajoc.201600194.
^Nielsen, Christian B.; Turbiez, Mathieu; McCulloch, Iain (2013). "Recent Advances in the Development of Semiconducting DPP-Containing Polymers for Transistor Applications" (PDF). Advanced Materials. 25 (13): 1859–1880. doi:10.1002/adma.201201795. hdl:10044/1/14443. ISSN 1521-4095. PMID 23008141. S2CID 10575133.
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