Diffractive optically variable image device information
Security feature based on visual effects
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A diffractive optically variable image device (DOVID) is a type of optical variable device; a security feature based on visual effects created by diffraction. The acronym was coined by Ian Lancaster of Reconnaissance International in a paper titled "Diffractive Optically Variable Image Devices" at the 1995 Intergraf International Security Printers Conference in Lisbon, Portugal. DOVIDs are incorporated in government-issued documents of value (banknotes, passports, visas, identification credentials and driver licenses) to increase their counterfeit resistance.[1][2] Brand protection is another application of DOVIDs. DOVIDs contain micro- or nanostructures in the form of diffractive gratings. Due to these structures, they exhibit optically variable effects such as dynamic chromatic, holographic, and kinematic effects, two- or three-dimensional images or color-changing effects, which ideally are easily recognized, but are difficult to reproduce. Well known examples of DOVIDs are holograms such as 2D or 3D or 2D/3D holograms based on mask illumination, dot matrix or e-beam origination technology and Kinegrams.[3][4][5]
A DOVID can also contain elements which are invisible to the unaided human eye such as microprint, kinetic microtext, or a variable laser-readable micro-image that is invisible when magnified under white light. DOVID structures can be incorporated in a foil: which is then hot stamped on a paper document (e.g., banknote, visa), incorporated within the structure of a polycarbonate or composite card (e.g., passport, driver licenses) before personalization or integrated in a laminate that is heat sealed to the surface of a card after personalization (e.g., driver licenses, identity cards).[6]
^Stole, Svorad; Soukup, Daniel; Huber-Mörk, Reinhold (September 2015). "Invariant characterization of DOVID security features using a photometric descriptor". 2015 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing (ICIP). pp. 3422–3426. doi:10.1109/ICIP.2015.7351439. ISBN 978-1-4799-8339-1. S2CID 12289666.
^"Document Security Alliance (DSA)". Archived from the original on 2011-06-29. Retrieved 2021-05-05.
^"Council of the European Union – PRADO – Public Register of Authentic Identity and Travel Documents". Archived from the original on 2016-09-24. Retrieved 2021-05-05.
^van Renesse, R. L. (2005). Optical Document Security. Boston, London: Artech House.
^Cabral, Alexandre; Rebordão, José M. (2011-07-26). "Diffractive optical variable image devices generated by maskless interferometric lithography for optical security". In Costa, Manuel F (ed.). International Conference on Applications of Optics and Photonics. Vol. 8001. International Society for Optics and Photonics. p. 800121. Bibcode:2011SPIE.8001E..21C. doi:10.1117/12.890750. S2CID 108645721.
^"Technical terms related to security features and to security documents in general" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 2015-09-24. Retrieved 2021-05-05.
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