Overview of the role and situation of democracy in Afghanistan
Politics of Afghanistan
Constitution
Taliban Islamic Movement
Loya jirga("Grand assembly")
Human rights
Human Rights Commission
LGBT rights
Treatment of women by the Taliban
Government
Supreme Leader (list)
Hibatullah Akhundzada (decrees)
Prime Minister
Hasan Akhund (acting)
Deputy Leader
Sirajuddin Haqqani (first)
Mullah Yaqoob (second)
Abdul Ghani Baradar (third)
Deputy Prime Minister
Abdul Ghani Baradar (acting, first)
Abdul Salam Hanafi (acting, second)
Abdul Kabir (acting, third)
Leadership Council
Cabinet
Judiciary
Law of Afghanistan
Supreme Court
Chief Justice
Abdul Hakim Haqqani
Deputy chief justices
Mohammad Qasim Rasikh (first)
Sheikh Abdul Malik (second)
Capital punishment
Law enforcement
Ministry of Justice
Minister: Abdul Hakim Haqqani (acting)
Ministry of Interior Affairs
Minister: Sirajuddin Haqqani (acting)
Afghan National Police
Ministry for the Propagation of Virtue and the Prevention of Vice
Minister: Mohammad Khalid (acting)
Attorney General
Shamsulldin Shariati (acting)
Administrative divisions
Provinces
Governors
Districts
Subdistricts
Elections
Recent elections
Presidential: 2014
2019
Parliamentary: 2010
2018
Political parties
Foreign relations
Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Acting Minister: Amir Khan Muttaqi (trips)
Ambassadors
Diplomatic missions of / in Afghanistan
Nationality law
Passport
Visa requirements
Visa policy
Recognition of the Islamic Emirate
Afghanistan and the United Nations
Afghanistan portal
Other countries
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Democracy in Afghanistan has been severely limited and characterized by short, unstable historical periods since the formation of the contemporary state of Afghanistan in the 20th century. Following the rise of power of Ghazi Amanullah Khan in 1919, the first elements of a democratic government in the country began to emerge, with the formation of a constitution and increased civil liberties. Amanullah's political reforms resulted in his overthrow and for much of the rest of the 20th century, until 1964, there was limited democratization in the country. With the establishment of a bicameral national legislature in 1964 by King Zahir Shah, political parties began to form; however, none of these reforms were lasting after Zahir Shah's removal from power in 1973 and the formation of an autocratic Afghanistan republic.
The country experienced increasingly severe democratic backsliding from 1973 onwards, eventually falling under the undemocratic, religiously conservative Taliban rule in 1996. Democracy was reintroduced following the U.S.-led invasion of Afghanistan in 2001, where an Islamic Republic with a president and relatively liberal constitution was reinstated.
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