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Cynognathians
Temporal range: Early to Late Triassic, 251–208.5 Ma
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Skull of the carnivorous cynognathian Cynognathus crateronotus
Skull of Exaeretodon a herbivorous traversodontid
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Chordata
Clade:
Synapsida
Clade:
Therapsida
Clade:
Cynodontia
Clade:
Eucynodontia
Clade:
†Cynognathia Hopson and Barghusen, 1986
Subgroups
†Cynognathus
†Gomphodontia
†Diademodontidae
†Neogomphodontia Hendrickx et al., 2020[1]
†Trirachodontidae
†Traversodontidae
Cynognathia ("dog jaw") is one of two major clades of cynodonts, the other being Probainognathia. Cynognathians included the large carnivorous genus Cynognathus and the herbivorous or omnivorous gomphodonts such as traversodontids. Cynognathians can be identified by several synapomorphies including a very deep zygomatic arch that extends above the middle of the orbit.
Cynognathian fossils are currently known from Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Europe, North America and South America.
^Hendrickx, C.; Gaetano, L. C.; Choiniere, J. N.; Mocke, H.; Abdala, F. (2020). "A new traversodontid cynodont with a peculiar postcanine dentition from the Middle/Late Triassic of Namibia and dental evolution in basal gomphodonts". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (20): 1669–1706. doi:10.1080/14772019.2020.1804470. S2CID 221838726.
Cynognathia ("dog jaw") is one of two major clades of cynodonts, the other being Probainognathia. Cynognathians included the large carnivorous genus Cynognathus...
the only recognized member of the family Cynognathidae. Later a clade Cynognathia was named after the genus, within the Eucynodontia. Cynognathus crateronotus...
and possibly Late Permian. Eucynodontia includes two major subgroups, Cynognathia and Probainognathia. The clade was named in 1982 by Thomas Kemp, who...
of the two major subgroups of the clade Eucynodontia, the other being Cynognathia. The earliest forms were carnivorous and insectivorous, though some groups...
have traditionally been placed within the more primitive cynodont group Cynognathia as distant mammal relatives. It also includes Tritheledontidae, which...
Eucynodontia, which has two main subdivisions, the predominantly herbivorous Cynognathia and the predominantly carnivorous Probainognathia. During the Early and...
Exaeretodon. Traversodontidae belongs to a large clade of cynodonts called Cynognathia. Most phylogenetic analyses place it as the sister taxon to the family...
previous considered to be part of Gomphodontia, a larger group within Cynognathia. The name Tritylodontoidea was previously used for the group, which traditionally...
Exaeretodon than to Cynognathus. This placed it within the larger clade Cynognathia, one of the two main groups of eucynodonts (the other being Probainognathia)...
Probainognathia, a clade that includes all cynodonts closer to mammals than to Cynognathia. The exact placement of probainognathids relative to other basal probainognathians...
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