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Cultural Revolution in Libya
Duration
April 15, 1973 – March 2, 1977 (1973-04-15 – 1977-03-02) (3 years and 321 days)
Location
Libya
Motive
Return to Arab and Islamic values and purge the communist,[1] imperialist, atheist and ikhwani elements from the revolution.
Organized by
Muammar al-Gaddafi
Outcome
Islamization of Libyan society
Violent purges in the universities and administrations
Arabization of Libya
Establishment of the Jamahiriya.
Deaths
Exact number not known
This article is part of a series about Muammar Gaddafi
Early life
Personal life
Arab nationalism
Nasserism
Third International Theory
The Green Book
Killing
International reactions
Reception and legacy
Gaddafi loyalism
Free Officers
Arab Socialist Union
Revolutionary Command Council
General People's Committee
History of Libya under Muammar Gaddafi
Brotherly Leader and Guide of the Revolution (1979–2011)
Secretary General of the General People's Congress (1977–1979)
Chairman of the Revolutionary Command Council (1969–1977)
Prime Minister of Libya (1970–1972)
Chairperson of the African Union (2009–2010)
Military (Armed Forces)
Libyan coup d'état (1969)
Yom Kippur War (1973)
Lebanese Civil War (1976)
Egyptian–Libyan War (1977)
Chadian–Libyan War (1978–1987)
Action in the Gulf of Sidra (1986)
United States bombing of Libya (1986)
Toyota War (1986–1987)
First Libyan Civil War (2011)
NATO invasion of Libya (2011)
Leadership (History)
Libyan Arab Republic
Federation of Arab Republics
Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriya
1970 expulsion of Italians from Libya
1973 oil crisis
Cultural Revolution
Weapons of mass destruction
West Berlin discotheque bombing
Lockerbie bombing
UTA Flight 772
Support for rebel and paramilitary groups
Elections and referendums
1971 Libyan Federation of Arab Republics referendum
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The Cultural Revolution (or People's Revolution) in Libya was a period of political and social change in Libya. It started with Muammar Gaddafi's declaration of a cultural revolution during a speech in Zuwara on 15 April 1973.[2] This came after increasing tensions between Gaddafi and his colleagues in the Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) had led him to agree to step down. Gaddafi had told the RCC that he would announce his resignation to the people at the Zuwara speech, but he instead surprised them with his declaration of the Cultural Revolution. By the end of the Cultural Revolution period, Gaddafi was the uncontested leader of Libya.
The Cultural Revolution continued to at least September 1974, when the independence of action of the People's Committees was reduced by the national leadership in the Revolutionary Command Council. In a wider sense, it came to its conclusion in the establishment of Gaddafi's "state of the masses" ("jamahiriya") in 1977.
The Cultural Revolution was presented as a period of democratization, a return to Arab and Islamic values and spontaneous popular mobilization against five identified threats to the power of the people: communism,[3] conservatism, capitalism, atheism, and the Muslim Brotherhood.
In practice the Cultural Revolution marked the beginning of the sidelining of other Libyan political and religious leaders and the concentration of power in Gaddafi.
^Times, Henry Tanner Special to The New York (1973-05-22). "Tough Libyan 'Cultural Revolution' Stresses Merger With Egypt". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-01-23.
^Obeidi, Amal S. M.; Obeidi, Amal (2013-09-05). Political Culture in Libya. Routledge. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-136-11586-8.
^Times, Henry Tanner Special to The New York (1973-05-22). "Tough Libyan 'Cultural Revolution' Stresses Merger With Egypt". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-01-23.
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