State-owned enterprises owned by the Crown, the Sovereign of Canada
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Crown corporations in Canada (French: Société de la Couronne)[1] are government organizations with a mixture of commercial and public-policy objectives.[2][3] They are directly and wholly owned by the Crown (i.e. the government of Canada or a province).[2]
Crown corporations represent a specific form of state-owned enterprise.[4][5][6] Each corporation is ultimately accountable to (federal or provincial) Parliament through a relevant minister for the conduct of its affairs.[7] They are established by an Act of Parliament and report to that body via the relevant minister in Cabinet, though they are "shielded from constant government intervention and legislative oversight" and thus "generally enjoy greater freedom from direct political control than government departments."[3]
Crown corporations are distinct from "departmental corporations" such as the Canada Revenue Agency.[2][6]
Crown corporations have a long-standing presence in the country and have been instrumental in its formation. They can provide services required by the public that otherwise would not be economically viable as a private enterprise or that do not fit exactly within the scope of any ministry.[6] They are involved in everything from the distribution, use, and price of certain goods and services to energy development, resource extraction, public transportation, cultural promotion, and property management.
As of 2022[update], there were 47 federal Crown corporations in Canada.[8] Provinces and territories operate their own Crown corporations independently of the federal government.
^"Liste des sociétés d'État". Canada.ca (in French). Retrieved 26 August 2023.
^ abc"Overview of federal organizations and interests". Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. 2012-09-28. Archived from the original on 2017-02-03. Retrieved 2021-05-19.
^ abTupper, Allan. 2006 February 7. "Crown Corporation." The Canadian Encyclopedia (last edited 2021 March 18). Retrieved 2021 May 19.
^Aboriginal Affairs and Northern Development Canada. "Aboriginal Peoples and Communities > Governance > Tools for Governance > Governance Tools for Institutions > Establishing and Operating as a Federal Crown Corporation – The DIAND Experience". Queen's Printer for Canada. Archived from the original on 15 October 2012. Retrieved 5 December 2012.
^Canada Development Investment Corporation (2008), Annual Report 2008(PDF), Ottawa: Queen's Printer for Canada, p. 13, archived from the original (PDF) on 6 August 2010, retrieved 21 April 2010, Canada Development Investment Corporation... is wholly-owned by Her Majesty in Right of Canada
^ abcStastna, Kazi. "What are Crown corporations and why do they exist?". CBC. Archived from the original on 2012-04-02. Retrieved 19 May 2021.
^"Directors of Crown corporations: an introductory guide to their roles and responsibilities – What is a Crown Corporation". Treasury Board of Canada Secretariat. 2002-12-20. Archived from the original on 2019-04-19. Retrieved 2020-06-07.
^Secretariat, Treasury Board of Canada (2007-05-15). "List of Crown corporations". canada.ca. Retrieved 2022-03-22.
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