245 people died in the Lyon bridge disaster of 1711, when a large crowd returning from a festival on one side of the bridge found their way blocked by a collision between a carriage and a cart, and became trapped
Crowd collapses and crowd crushes are catastrophic incidents that can occur when a body of people becomes dangerously overcrowded. When numbers are up to about five people per square meter,[a] the environment may feel cramped but manageable; when numbers reach between eight and ten people per square meter,[1][b] individuals become pressed against each other and may be swept along against their will by the motion of the crowd.[2] Under these conditions, the crowd may undergo a progressive collapse where the pressure pushes people off their feet, resulting in people being trampled or crushed by the weight of other people falling on top of them. At even higher densities, the pressure on each individual can cause them to be crushed or asphyxiated while still upright.[3]
Such incidents are invariably the product of organizational failures, and most major crowd disasters could have been prevented by simple crowd management strategies.[4] Such incidents can occur at large gatherings such as sporting, commercial, social, and religious events. The critical factor is crowd density rather than crowd size.[5]
Crowd collapses and crushes are often reported incorrectly as human stampedes, which typically occur when a large group of people all try to get away from a perceived risk to life.[6]
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November 2022). "Crowdcrushes: how disasters like Itaewon happen, how can they be prevented, and the 'stampede' myth – Seoul crowdcrush". The Guardian...
This is a list of notable crowdcollapses, crushes, and stampedes. Many such accidents are also in the list of accidents and disasters by death toll. The...
On November 5, 2021, a fatal crowdcrush occurred during the Astroworld Festival, an annual musical event that was hosted by American rapper Travis Scott...
is similar to crowdcollapsesandcrushes in both the conditions in which they begin (dangerous levels of crowding) and in the number and severity of casualties...
fights involving drunk and disorderly people or riots. Crowdcrushes in particular can cause many hundreds of fatalities. Effective crowd management is about...
On 30 April 2021, at about 00:45 IDT (UTC+3), a deadly crowdcrush occurred on Mount Meron, Israel, during the annual pilgrimage to the tomb of Rabbi...
which organised the event. Yemen portal Crowdcollapsesandcrushes § Crowd "stampedes" List of fatal crowdcrushes Al-Masry Al-Youm (20 April 2023). "90...
The Hillsborough disaster was a fatal crowdcrush at a football match at Hillsborough Stadium in Sheffield, South Yorkshire, England, on 15 April 1989...
concert-ending performance of "Baba O'Riley". Crowdcollapsesandcrushes List of fatal crowdcrushes Johnson, Norris R. (1987). "Panic at 'The Who Concert...
On 20 May 2023, a crowdcrush killed 12 people during a football match at Estadio Cuscatlán, a stadium in San Salvador, El Salvador. The incident happened...
before and after the event took place on December 28, 1991. Crowdcollapsesandcrushes § Crowd "stampedes" Goodstein, Laurie (December 30, 1991). "'THEY...
On 21 November, 2023, a crowdcrush in Brazzaville, the capital of the Republic of the Congo, occurred on the final day of a military recruitment drive...
Crowdcrushes for free goods in different cities in Pakistan in March, April, and June 2023 left 15 people dead and 45 others injured. In Karachi, 12...
protest, the crowd attempted to cross the police barrier into the station. Police responded with tear gas and water cannons, and the crowd responded by...
defeating Oman 3–2 after extra time. Football portal Iraq portal Crowdcollapsesandcrushes § Crowd "stampedes" 2005 Al-Aimmah Bridge disaster Karbala stampede...
The 2011 Sabarimala stampede was a crowdcrush (often incorrectly described as a ' human stampede') on 14 January 2011, Makara Jyothi Day at Pullumedu...
resulting in a crowdcrush. The disaster was first publicly reported in China 18 years later, in 1995. The 61st Regiment of the Xinjiang Production and Construction...
2022, 23 migrants and asylum seekers were killed after a crowdcrush at the Melilla border fence during a conflict with Moroccan and Spanish security forces...
inhibiting bacterial, mold, and mildew growth; but may not be effective at stopping viruses such as SARS-CoV-2. Crowdcollapsesandcrushes – Type of disaster...
It was later made into a film. 2013 Kumbh Mela stampede Crowdcollapsesandcrushes § Crowd "stampedes" Kumbh Mela - Timeline What Is Hinduism?: Modern...
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