Criminal stereotype of African Americans information
Ethnic stereotype
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This article's lead section may be too short to adequately summarize the key points. Please consider expanding the lead to provide an accessible overview of all important aspects of the article.(February 2023)
African Americans, and African American males in particular, have an ethnic stereotype in which they are portrayed as dangerous criminals.[1][2] This stereotype is associated with the fact that African Americans are proportionally over-represented in the numbers of those that are arrested and convicted for committing crimes. It has appeared frequently in American popular culture,[3][4][5] reinforcing the negative consequences of systemic racism.[6][7]
^Gabbidon, Shaun L. (ed.); Greene, Helen Taylor (ed.); Young, Vernetta D. (ed.). (2001). African American Classics in Criminology and Criminal Justice Archived 2023-04-12 at the Wayback Machine. SAGE Publications. p. 349. ISBN 978-0-7619-2433-3.
^Edles, Laura Desfor (2002). Cultural Sociology in Practice Archived 2023-04-12 at the Wayback Machine. Wiley-Blackwell. p. 124. ISBN 978-0-631-21090-0.
^Tucker 2007, p. 4.
^Vera, Harnan; Feagin, Joe R. (2007). Handbook of the Sociology of Racial and Ethnic Relations Archived 2023-04-12 at the Wayback Machine. Springer. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-387-70844-7.
^Russell-Brown 1998, p. 77.
^Fridell, Lorie A. (2016). "The Science of Implicit Bias and Implications for Policing". Producing Bias-Free Policing: A Science-Based Approach. SpringerBriefs in Criminology. Springer. pp. 7–30. doi:10.1007/978-3-319-33175-1. ISBN 978-3-319-33175-1. Archived from the original on 2022-12-05. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
^Intravia, John; Wolff, Kevin T.; Stewart, Eric A.; Simons, Ronald L. (2014). "Neighborhood-level differences in police discrimination and subcultural violence: A multilevel examination of adopting the code of the street". Journal of Crime and Justice. 37 (1). Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press: 42–60. doi:10.1080/0735648X.2013.832480. S2CID 144926935. Archived from the original on 2022-10-17. Retrieved 2022-12-05.
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