Powerful group of noblemen within the Byzantine Empire during the 10th-12th centuries
Family tree of lords and counts of Tusculum
The counts of Tusculum, also known as the Theophylacti, were a family of secular noblemen from Latium that maintained a powerful position in Rome between the 10th and 12th centuries. Several popes and antipopes during the 11th century came from their ranks. They created and perfected the political formula of noble-papacy, wherein the pope was arranged to be elected only from the ranks of the Roman nobles. The Pornocracy, the period of influence by powerful female courtesans of the family, also influenced papal history.
The counts of Tusculum remained arbiters of Roman politics and religion for more than a century. In addition to the papal influence, they held lay power through consulships and senatorial membership. Traditionally they were pro-Byzantine and anti-Germanic in their political affiliation[citation needed].
After 1049, the Tusculan Papacy came to an end with the election of Pope Leo IX. In fact, the Tusculan papacy was largely responsible for the reaction known as the Gregorian reform. Subsequent events (from 1062 onwards) confirmed a shift in regional politics as the counts came to side with the Holy Roman Emperors against the Rome of the reformers. In 1059, the papal-decree of Pope Nicholas II established new rules for the papal election, therefore putting an end to the noble-papacy formula.
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Tusculum is a ruined Roman city in the Alban Hills, in the Latium region of Italy. Tusculum was most famous in Roman times for the many great and luxurious...
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also Rayno, Ranulf, or Reginulf (died after 1179), was the last countofTusculum from an unknown date when he was first associated with his elder brother...
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took place in 1183, when the troops of Archbishop Cristiano of Mainz came to the rescue of the CountsofTusculum, besieged by the Romans. The archbishop's...
the Roman consul Theophylact, Count ofTusculum, and of Theodora, the real power in Rome, whom bishop Liutprand of Cremona characterized as a "shameless...
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century the family was represented by Theophylact I, CountofTusculum, vestararius or high dignitary of the papal palace and the pontifical government, by...
lordship of Palombara Sabina, took their name from the rocca (castle) of Sabellum, near Albano, which had belonged to the countsofTusculum before it...
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