Historic stone resource in the Midwestern United States
Cottonwood Limestone
Stratigraphic range: Early Permian
Well-exposed natural outcrop of the Cottonwood Limestone alongside the Konza Prairie Nature Trail
Type
Formation Member
Unit of
Beattie Limestone
Sub-units
Top Ledge, Bottom Ledge
Underlies
Florena Shale member of the Beattie Limestone formation
Overlies
Eskridge Shale
Thickness
3–7 ft (0.91–2.13 m) often ~6 ft (1.8 m)
Lithology
Primary
Limestone
Other
Calcareous shale and siliceous to quartz[clarification needed] nodules or infills of burrows
Location
Region
Mid-continental
Country
United States
Extent
Outcrops from southeast Nebraska to northeast-central Oklahoma[1]
Type section
Named for
Cottonwood Falls, Kansas
Named by
Prosser, C. S.
Year defined
1895[2]
Cottonwood Limestone, or simply the Cottonwood,[3] is a stratigraphic unit and a historic stone resource in east-central Kansas, northeast-central Oklahoma, and southeastern Nebraska in the Midwestern United States.[1] It is the lowest member of the Beattie Limestone formation and commonly outcrops within the deep valleys and on top of the scenic residual ridges of the Flint Hills.
This important building stone, quarried in the Cottonwood River valley, had been used under the names "Cottonwood stone" or "Cottonwood Falls limestone" many years before the name Cottonwood Limestone appeared in scientific publications late in the 19th century. Similarly, "Manhattan stone" was the commercial name used for the same limestone when quarried in the vicinity of Manhattan, Kansas.[2] It was also called "Alma Limestone" when first quarried at Alma, Kansas.[4][5]
The Cottonwood Limestone is one of the most persistent and easily recognizable horizons in Kansas.[4][6] This limestone is usually light gray or buff in color, massively bedded, and has an average thickness of about six feet. The upper part of the member in particular is recognizable for being almost entirely made up of the small wheat-grain shaped foraminifera Fusulinida, with few other animal remains. The line of outcrop of the Cottonwood is generally marked by a line of massive rectangular blocks of light gray or bleached, bone-colored limestone, often supporting a line of shrubs. Because of its resistance to weathering, it often forms a prominent escarpment. The Cottonwood Limestone is noteworthy for the persistence of this lithologic character across its range.
^ abCite error: The named reference Imbrie64 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^ abJewett, John M. (1941). The Geology of Riley and Geary Counties, Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 39. University of Kansas Publications, State Geological Survey of Kansas.
^Susan Ward Aber; David A. Grisafe (1982). Petrographic Characteristics of Kansas Building Limestones, Kansas Geological Survey, Bulletin 224. University of Kansas Publications, State Geological Survey of Kansas.
^ abCite error: The named reference prosser04 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
^"Geologic Unit: Alma". Geolex – National Geologic Database. United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2015-02-21.
^Raymond C. Moore (1920). Oil and Gas Resources of Kansas, Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin 6, Part II. p. 55.
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Global Information
United States