The Coral Triangle and countries participating in the Coral Triangle Initiative[1][2]
The Coral Triangle (CT) is a roughly triangular area in the tropical waters around the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands and Timor-Leste. This area contains at least 500 species of reef-building corals in each ecoregion.[3] The Coral Triangle is located between the Pacific and Indian oceans [4] and encompasses portions of two biogeographic regions: the Indonesian-Philippines Region, and the Far Southwestern Pacific Region.[5] As one of eight major coral reef zones in the world,[6] the Coral Triangle is recognized as a global centre of marine biodiversity[7] and a global priority for conservation.[8] Its biological resources make it a global hotspot of marine biodiversity. Known as the "Amazon of the seas" (by analogy to the Amazon rainforest in South America), it covers 5.7 million square kilometres (2,200,000 sq mi) of ocean waters.[9] It contains more than 76% of the world's shallow-water reef-building coral species, 37% of its reef fish species, 50% of its razor clam species, six out of seven of the world's sea turtle species, and the world's largest mangrove forest.[4]
In 2014, the Asian Development Bank (ADB) reported that the gross domestic product of the marine ecosystem in the Coral Triangle is roughly $1.2 trillion per year and provides food to over 120 million people.[10][4] According to the Coral Triangle Knowledge Network,[11] the region annually brings in about $3 billion in foreign exchange income from fisheries exports, and another $3 billion from coastal tourism revenues.
The World Wide Fund for Nature considers the region a top priority for marine conservation, and is addressing ecological threats to the region through its Coral Triangle Program,[12] launched in 2007. The center of biodiversity in the Triangle is the Verde Island Passage in the Philippines.[13] Coral reef area in the region to have been declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site are Tubbataha Reef Natural Park in the Philippines [14] and Raja Ampat Islands in Indonesia.[15]
^Weeks, Rebecca; Aliño, Porfirio M.; Atkinson, Scott; Beldia, Pacifico; Binson, Augustine; Campos, Wilfredo L.; Djohani, Rili; Green, Alison L.; Hamilton, Richard; Horigue, Vera; Jumin, Robecca; Kalim, Kay; Kasasiah, Ahsanal; Kereseka, Jimmy; Klein, Carissa; Laroya, Lynette; Magupin, Sikula; Masike, Barbara; Mohan, Candice; Da Silva Pinto, Rui Miguel; Vave-Karamui, Agnetha; Villanoy, Cesar; Welly, Marthen; White, Alan T. (4 March 2014). "Developing Marine Protected Area Networks in the Coral Triangle: Good Practices for Expanding the Coral Triangle Marine Protected Area System" (PDF). Coastal Management. 42 (2): 183–205. Bibcode:2014CoasM..42..183W. doi:10.1080/08920753.2014.877768.
^Gray, Alex (13 September 2018). "The 'Coral Triangle' is the largest of its kind, and it's dying". Global Agenda. World Economic Forum. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
^Veron et al. Unpublished data
^ abcAsaad, Irawan; Lundquist, Carolyn J.; Erdmann, Mark V.; Hooidonk, Ruben Van; Costello, Mark J. (5 November 2018). "Designating Spatial Priorities for Marine Biodiversity Conservation in the Coral Triangle". Front. Mar. Sci. 5: 400. doi:10.3389/fmars.2018.00400. S2CID 53294894.
^Veron, J.E.N. 1995. Corals in space and time: biogeography and evolution of the Scleractinia. UNSW Press, Sydney, Australia: xiii + 321 pp.
^Speers, A. E., Besedin, E. Y., Palardy, J. E., & Moore, C. (2016). Impacts of climate change and ocean acidification on coral reef fisheries: an integrated ecological–economic model. Ecological economics, 128, 33-43. Retrieved 26 September 2020
^Allen, G. R. 2007 Conservation hotspots of biodiversity and endemism for Indo-Pacific coral reef fishes. Aquatic Conserv: Mar. Freshw. Ecosyst. doi:10.1002/aqc.880
^Briggs, J. C. 2005a. The marine East Indies: diversity and speciation. Journal of Biogeography 32: 1517-1522
^"ADB to help improve resources management in coral triangle". Archived from the original on 2018-03-17. Retrieved 2011-05-23.
^"Coral reef destruction spells humanitarian disaster". 17 May 2011.
^Coral Triangle Knowledge Network
^WWF Coral Triangle Program
^"Verde Island Passage".
^""World Heritage Coral Reefs" Exhibit opens in Paris".
The CoralTriangle (CT) is a roughly triangular area in the tropical waters around the Philippines, Indonesia, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, the Solomon...
of scleractinian or stony corals, and at least 12 endemic coral species. The CoralTriangle contains 75% of the world's coral species (around 600 species)...
The CoralTriangle Day was established on June 9, to celebrate and raise awareness of the ocean conservation and protection, especially on the Coral Triangle...
The CoralTriangle Initiative on Coral Reefs, Fisheries, and Food Security (CTI-CFF), or the CoralTriangle Initiative (CTI), is a multilateral collaborative...
forms part of the CoralTriangle, an area of Southeast Asian seas containing the richest marine biodiversity on earth. The CoralTriangle itself is an approximate...
archipelago is part of the CoralTriangle, the region of the western Pacific with world's greatest diversity of corals and coral reef species. The baseline...
Choice award, which it also earned in January 2021. Bali is part of the CoralTriangle, the area with the highest biodiversity of marine species, especially...
Fire corals (Millepora) are a genus of colonial marine organisms that exhibit physical characteristics similar to that of coral. The name coral is somewhat...
Manila, Philippines 1–30 April 1981". "Gyms of the World". "CoralTriangle Center - Ensuring coral reefs for life". Sunset (6 July 2009). "Visitors to Nusa...
countries located in the CoralTriangle, the site of the most biodiverse coral reefs in the world. In particular, Atauro Island's coral reefs have been recognized...
Indonesia. The park is located near the centre of the CoralTriangle, providing habitat to 390 species of coral as well as many fish, mollusks, reptiles and marine...
Targeted Research and Capacity Building for Management Coral Restoration Foundation CoralTriangle Initiative Cousteau Society Crusoe Reef Society CEDAM...
diversity of life, with the country's coastal waters comprising part of the CoralTriangle. Malaysia is estimated to contain 20% of the world's animal species...
the world. Indonesia is located in a region of abundant coral reefs known as the CoralTriangle as well as being the country with the most volcanoes in...
identified as a site of highest marine biodiversity importance in the CoralTriangle. The Kai Islands are a part of the Wallacea, the group of Indonesian...
identified as a site of highest marine biodiversity importance in the CoralTriangle. The 1.14 million hectare passage is extremely rich in marine biodiversity...
suck food into tubular mouths. They are found in Southeast Asia in the CoralTriangle area. They are some of the smallest seahorse species in the world, typically...
identified as a site of highest marine biodiversity importance in the CoralTriangle. Its capital and largest city is Cebu City, nicknamed "the Queen (Catholic)...
and east across the Indian Ocean to the CoralTriangle of the Western Pacific Ocean. These fishes live in coral reef, in shallow lagoon and seaward reefs...
rich and diverse marine life, including coral reefs and seagrass meadows. The islands are part of the CoralTriangle, the region of the western Pacific with...
It is mainly in the South China Sea. Some of its waters are in the CoralTriangle, a biodiversity hotspot. The waters around Sipadan island are the most...
identified as a site of highest marine biodiversity importance in the CoralTriangle. Negros is one of the many islands of the Visayas, in the central part...
Arabian Sea Central Somali Coast Northern Monsoon Current Coast East African Coral Coast Seychelles Cargados Carajos Tromelin Island Mascarene Islands Southeast...
2007, the CoralTriangle Initiative, a new multilateral partnership to help safeguard the marine and coastal resources of the CoralTriangle, including...
identified as a site of highest marine biodiversity importance in the CoralTriangle. Early in the Pleistocene, Sulawesi had a dwarf elephant and a dwarf...
archipelago is part of the CoralTriangle, recognized as a center of marine biodiversity containing 75% of the described coral species and 40% of the world's...
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