Bronze Gallic helmet, Coolus-Manheim-type; From the region of Tongeren, Belgium; Now in the Musée du Cinquantenaire, Brussels.
The Coolus helmet (named for Coolus, France) was a type of ancient Celtic and Roman helmet popular in the 1st century BCE.[1][2] It was typically made in bronze or brass and,[3] like the Montefortino type with which it co-existed, was a descendant of Celtic helmet types. The explanation of the choice to use bronze can be attributed to the type of warfare that the helmet was used for; also the cultural affinities have influence on why the helmet was made the way that it was.[4] Within a long process of evolution, Roman military armor for the head developed from early pre-Roman helmets. Rome itself had no proper tradition of such objects, as most of the soldiers of the Early Republic made use of helmets produced by the Etruscans, whose craftsmen were known for their ability to make vessels.[5]
It was a fairly plain globular or hemispherical helmet with a brow guard, a ribbed neck guard, and large hinged cheek guards. The cheek guards and neck guards projected outwards across the jaw and the cheeks although they did not impair the vision of the wearer.[6] Another common feature was a turned or cast soldered- or riveted-on crest knob.[7] The cheek guards were manufactured separately from the helmet and riveted onto it.[7] The Coolus helmet has become a well known and recognizable part of historical warfare.
The Coolus was replaced by the Imperial helmet type, a more developed form also derived from a Celtic original.[8]
^"Proceedings of the 1st and 2nd International Doctoral Student Conference on Archaeology (IDSCA)". University of Zagreb. 2021: 64. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Adkins, Lesley; Adkins, Roy A. (1998). Handbook to Life in Ancient Rome. OUP USA. p. 84. ISBN 978-0-19-512332-6.
^Narloch, Krzysztof (2012). "The cold face of battle – some remarks on the function of Roman helmets with face masks". Archäologisches Korrespondenzblatt. 42 (3): 379. doi:10.11588/ak.2012.3.18622. ISSN 2364-4729.
^Paddock, J. M. (1993). The bronze Italian helmet : the development of the Cassis from the last quarter of the sixth century B.C. to the third quarter of the first century A.D (Thesis).
^Feugère, Michel (2015). "Helmet". The Encyclopedia of the Roman Army. pp. 455–491. doi:10.1002/9781118318140.wbra0734. ISBN 978-1-118-31814-0.
^Stephenson, Ian (2015-03-04), "Infantry: Principate", in Le Bohec, Yann (ed.), The Encyclopedia of the Roman Army, Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, pp. 492–556, doi:10.1002/9781118318140.wbra0800, ISBN 978-1-118-31814-0, retrieved 2023-04-07
^ abOlson, Brandon R. (2013-01-01). "Roman Infantry Helmets and Commemoration among Soldiers". Vulcan. 1 (1): 3–19. doi:10.1163/22134603-00101001. ISSN 2213-4603.
^Ermatinger, James W. (2015-08-11). The World of Ancient Rome: A Daily Life Encyclopedia: A Daily Life Encyclopedia. ABC-CLIO. p. 470. ISBN 978-1-4408-2908-6.
The Coolushelmet (named for Coolus, France) was a type of ancient Celtic and Roman helmet popular in the 1st century BCE. It was typically made in bronze...
military it was replaced by the Coolushelmet, it continued to be used by the Praetorian guard. Montefortino helmets are generally characterized by a...
discarded. So when the improved Imperial helmet appeared, it replaced what remained of the very old Coolus type, which was largely superseded at the...
Coolus (French pronunciation: [kɔly]) is a commune in the Marne department in north-eastern France. It gave its name to the Coolushelmet, a type of ancient...
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the sagaris was tested against a dummy wearing Celtic armor; an iron coolushelmet (with a pressure sensor attached to the head beneath), a large leather...
included: Galea or soldier's helmet. Variant forms included the Coolushelmet, Montefortino helmet, and Imperial helmet. Greaves, to protect the legs...
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Montefortino helmet, the oldest of the two types, had been in use since at least the third century BC until it was gradually replaced by the Coolushelmet, which...
replaced directly by the Coolushelmet, which "raised the neck peak to eye level and set a sturdy frontal peak to the brow of the helmet". The Galea was used...
the sagaris was tested against a dummy wearing Celtic armor; an iron coolushelmet(with a pressure sensor attached to the head beneath), a large leather...
contained a bag with cremated human remains. The helmet was made of sheet bronze, and was of the Coolus style, a type used by both Gallic Warriors and Roman...
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and wide, such as chain mail-style armor, the Montefortino, Coolus and Aden style helmets, thyreos-style body shields, and gladius and spatha style swords...
continued to use the types of helmet used by the army of the Republic since about 250 BC: the Montefortino-type and Coolus-type. From about 70 AD onwards...
most prominent difference between them are the so-called horns of their helmets, with Cobalt having "pigtails" and Manganese having a "ponytail". They...
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