Conulariid from the Mississippian (c. 360 to 325 mya) of Indiana; scale in mm.
Two Conularia gratiosa specimens from the Salem Limestone aged to the Middle Mississippian.
Scientific classification
Domain:
Eukaryota
Kingdom:
Animalia
Phylum:
Cnidaria
Order:
†Conulatae
Clade:
†Conulariida Miller and Gurley, 1896
Genera
See text.
Conulariida are an extinct group of medusozoan cnidarians known from fossils spanning from the latest Ediacaran up until the Late Triassic.[1][2][3] They are almost exclusively known from their hard external structures (alternatively referred to as a theca, periderm or test), which were pyramidal in shape and made up of numerous lamellae.
^Ben M. Waggoner; David Smith (1994). "Study of conulariid and related phosphatic conical exoskeletons from the Prague Basin (Czech Republic)". In G. L. Albanesi; M. S. Beresi; S. H. Peralta (eds.). Ordovician from the Andes. Serie Correlación Geológica Nº 17. INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE CORRELACIÓN GEOLÓGICA.
^Leme, J. M.; Van Iten, H.; Simões, M. G. (2022). "A New Conulariid (Cnidaria, Scyphozoa) From the Terminal Ediacaran of Brazil". Frontiers in Earth Science. 10: Article 777746. Bibcode:2022FrEaS..10.7746L. doi:10.3389/feart.2022.777746.
^Van Iten, Heyo; Hughes, Nigel C.; John, Douglas L.; Gaines, Robert R.; Colbert, Matthew W. (2023-04-27). "Conulariid soft parts replicated in silica from the Scotch Grove Formation (lower Middle Silurian) of east-central Iowa". Journal of Paleontology: 1–10. doi:10.1017/jpa.2023.6. ISSN 0022-3360. S2CID 258389436.
Conulariida are an extinct group of medusozoan cnidarians known from fossils spanning from the latest Ediacaran up until the Late Triassic. They are almost...
jellyfishes) with a total of 50 known species. A fossil group called Conulariida has been proposed as a second order, although this is highly speculative...
Kraft Devonian (Emsian) Zlíchov Formation Czech Republic A member of Conulariida. The type species is P. tubulata. Prestephanoscyphus branzovensis Sp...
1985) and Tribrachididae (Runnegar, 1992). Although, affinities with the Conulariida were made because the conulariids possess similar three-fold symmetry...
Ferrova; Jiří Frýda (2016). "Armoured test of Early Devonian Mesoconularia (Conulariida) from the Prague Basin (Czech Republic): probable adaptation to increased...
Lefebvre Ordovician (Tremadocian) Saint-Chinian France A member of Conulariida. The type species is "Conularia" azaisi Thoral (1935). Guembelastreomorpha...
& Quiroz-Barragán Permian Las Delicias Formation Mexico A member of Conulariida. Paraconularia kingii Sp. nov Valid Quiroz-Barroso, Sour-Tovar & Quiroz-Barragán...
Paraconularia, Reticulaconularia, New Genus, and organisms rejected from Conulariida". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 55: 411–479. doi:10.5962/p.215204. S2CID 251525208...
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