Global InformationControversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion information
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The controversy in Russia regarding the legitimacy of eastward NATO expansion relates to the aftermath of the Revolutions of 1989, when the fall of Soviet-allied communist states to opposition parties brought European spheres of influence into question. U.S. documents claim that agreement on non-expansion of NATO to Eastern Europe took place orally[1] and the alliance violated it with its expansion[1][2][3][4] while the leaders of the alliance claim that no such promise was made[5] and that such a decision could only be made in writing.[6][7] Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev, who participated in the 1990 negotiations, subsequently spoke out about the existence of a "guarantee of non-expansion of NATO to the east" inconsistently, confirming its existence in some interviews[8][9] and refuting in others.[10][11] Among academic researchers, opinions on the existence or absence of a non-extension agreement also differ.[12][13]
An active discussion related to this issue unfolded in Russia and in the world against the background of the Russian proposals on international security at the end of 2021 and the aggravation of the situation around the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine. The position of Russia in such circumstances is that the question of the existence of an agreement on the non-expansion of NATO in the eastern direction should be considered in the context of relations between Russia and NATO and Russia and the United States, since it determines the likelihood of a potentially possible entry of Ukraine into NATO, which is considered a threat to Russia.[14] The NATO leadership points out that the decision to limit the expansion of NATO has never been taken, and its adoption would entail a change in the fundamental documents of the alliance, and the support of Ukraine by NATO cannot pose a threat to Russia.[15]
- ^ a b Luis José Rodrigues Leitão Tomé (June 2000). "Russia and NATO's Enlargement" (PDF). Nato.int. Retrieved 3 July 2022.
- ^ "Выступление и дискуссия на Мюнхенской конференции по вопросам политики безопасности". Kremlin.ru. 10 February 2007. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ "SPIEGEL Interview with Russian President Dmitry Medvedev: 'Oil and Gas Is Our Drug'". Spiegel.de. 9 November 2009. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ "Прямая линия с Владимиром Путиным". Kremlin.ru. 17 April 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ "НАТО - Путину: никто не обещал не идти на восток". Bbc.com. 18 April 2014. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ "Обвинения России: расставим точки над "и"". NATO. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ "NATO-Russia relations: the facts". NATO. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ Blomfield, Adrian; Smith, Mike (6 May 2008). "Gorbachev: US could start new Cold War". The Daily Telegraph.
- ^ Koch, Tanit (2 April 2009). "BILD-Medienpreis für Michail Gorbatschow : Die Deutschen waren nicht aufzuhalten". Bild (in German).
- ^ "Russland: Gorbatschow sieht in Nato-Osterweiterung keinen Wortbruch". Die Zeit (in German). 9 November 2014. ISSN 0044-2070.
- ^ Vendik, Yuri (12 January 2016). "Мир мифов Путина в интервью Bild". BBC News Russian (in Russian).
- ^ Itzkowitz Shifrinson, Joshua R. (Spring 2016). "Deal or No Deal? The End of the Cold War and the U.S. Offer to Limit NATO Expansion". International Security. 40 (4). Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs. doi:10.1162/ISEC_a_00236. Archived from the original on 27 January 2024.
- ^ Shifrinson, Joshua R. Itzkowitz (29 October 2014). "Put It in Writing". Foreign Affairs. ISSN 0015-7120. Archived from the original on 30 June 2015.
- ^ "Владимир Путин ответил на вопросы журналистов". Kremlin.ru. Retrieved 2 July 2022.
- ^ "Столтенберг заявил о расширении НАТО вопреки протестам России". Rbc.ru. Retrieved 2 July 2022.