Contract cheating is a form of academic dishonesty in which students pay others to complete their coursework.[1] The term was coined in a 2006 study by Thomas Lancaster[2] and the late Robert Clarke (UK),[3][4][5][6] as a more inclusive way to talk about all forms of academic work, as opposed to more outdated terms such as "term paper mill" or "essay mill", which refer to text-based academic outsourcing. In contrast, Lancaster and Clarke are computer scientists who found evidence of students systematically outsourcing coding assignments. Hence, they coined the term "contract cheating" to include all outsourced academic work, regardless of whether it is from text-based or non-text-based disciplines.
^Eaton, S. E., Curtis, G. J., Stoesz, B. M., Clare, J., Rundle, K., & Seeland, J., (Eds.). (2022). Contract cheating in higher education: Global perspectives on theory, practice, and policy. Palgrave-MacMillan. ISBN 978-3-031-12679-6 https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-12680-2
^Lancaster, Thomas (December 2020). "Commercial contract cheating provision through micro-outsourcing web sites". International Journal for Educational Integrity. 16 (1): 1–14. doi:10.1007/s40979-020-00053-7. hdl:10044/1/89094. ISSN 1833-2595.
^Lancaster, T., & Clarke, R. (2016). Contract cheating: The outsourcing of assessed student work. In T. Bretag (Ed.), Handbook of academic integrity (pp. 639-654). Singapore: Springer Singapore.
^Clarke, Robert; Lancaster, Thomas (2006-06-19). "Eliminating the successor to plagiarism? Identifying the usage of contract cheating sites". CiteSeerX 10.1.1.120.5440. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
^Thomas Lancaster bio Archived 2009-12-06 at the Wayback Machine
^Glendinning, I., Foltýnek, T., Dlabolová, D., Linkeschová, D., & Lancaster, T. (2017). South East European Project on Policies for Academic Integrity. Retrieved from http://www.plagiarism.cz/seeppai/Final-report_SEEPPAI.pdf
outsourcing computer contract work were actually bid requests from students seeking contractcheating services. Contractcheaters posted an average of...
tests. Scholars note that cheating was prevalent on the Chinese civil service exams thousands of years ago, even when cheating carried the penalty of death...
research has been conducted. Another form of plagiarism known as "contractcheating" involves students paying someone else, such as an essay mill, to...
educational values through behaviours such as the avoidance of cheating, plagiarism, and contractcheating, as well as the maintenance of academic standards; honesty...
dealt with Cheating and dishonestly inducing delivery of property. The maximum punishment was seven years imprisonment and a fine. Whoever cheats and thereby...
medical writing). It is an instance of academic dishonesty involving contractcheating and authorship, more specifically academic ghostwriting or medical...
England's Higher Education Cheating Services Prohibition Bill, Chegg has been mentioned as an example of a website offering cheating services. By 2016, textbook...
Contract bridge, or simply bridge, is a trick-taking card game using a standard 52-card deck. In its basic format, it is played by four players in two...
Infidelity (synonyms include non-consensual non-monogamy, cheating, straying, adultery, being unfaithful, two-timing, or having an affair) is a violation...
have cheated by deliberately violating or circumventing the game's rules to gain an unfair advantage against an opponent. Examples of cheating include...
a new larger industry of contractcheaters, where sites like EduBirdie connect clients with freelance writers for cheating activities. In 2019, EduBirdie...
In finance, a futures contract (sometimes called futures) is a standardized legal contract to buy or sell something at a predetermined price for delivery...
American Contract Bridge League (ACBL). On March 19, 2016, the FIGB banned the pair for three years. The FIGB hearing also investigated cheating by Fantoni...
because their corporate structures do not provide incentives to cheat. The known cause of contract failure is called information asymmetry; when one party (the...
the author's family, and the author's friends. Accreditation mill Contractcheating Essay mill Ordination mill Research paper mill Atlanta Nights Nova...
Ordination mill Plagiarism Contractcheating Research paper mill Predatory publishing Content farm Bartlett, Thomas (March 2009). "Cheating Goes Global as Essay...
or team. Cheating can occur in many forms and can take place before, during, or after a board or game. Commonly cited instances of cheating include: conveying...
The 2012 Harvard cheating scandal involved approximately 125 Harvard University students who were investigated for cheating on the take-home final examination...
world cup U17 can win the trophee [sic], because at that level we like cheating on our age." In July 2013, sixteen-year-old United States-born Abuchi Obinwa...
through working at Absolutsoft on their previous work Contract Wars. Both Escape from Tarkov and Contract Wars are set in what the developers refer to as the...
These terms are used in contract bridge, using duplicate or rubber scoring. Some of them are also used in whist, bid whist, the obsolete game auction bridge...
Global Information