Continuous data protection (CDP), also called continuous backup or real-time backup, refers to backup of computer data by automatically saving a copy of every change made to that data, essentially capturing every version of the data that the user saves. In its true form it allows the user or administrator to restore data to any point in time.[1] The technique was patented by British entrepreneur Pete Malcolm in 1989 as "a backup system in which a copy [editor's emphasis] of every change made to a storage medium is recorded as the change occurs [editor's emphasis]."[2]
In an ideal case of continuous data protection, the recovery point objective—"the maximum targeted period in which data (transactions) might be lost from an IT service due to a major incident"—is zero, even though the recovery time objective—"the targeted duration of time and a service level within which a business process must be restored after a disaster (or disruption) in order to avoid unacceptable consequences associated with a break in business continuity"—is not zero.[3] An example of a period in which data transactions might be lost is a major discount chain having card readers at its checkout counters shut down at multiple locations for close to two hours in the month of June 2019.
CDP runs as a service that captures changes to data to a separate storage location. There are multiple methods for capturing continuous live data changes involving different technologies that serve different needs. True CDP-based solutions can provide fine granularities of restorable objects ranging from crash-consistent images to logical objects such as files, mail boxes, messages, and database files and logs.[4] This isn't necessarily true of near-CDP solutions.
^Behzad Behtash (2010-05-06). "Why Continuous Data Protection's Getting More Practical". Disaster recovery/business continuity. InformationWeek. Retrieved 2011-11-12. A true CDP approach should capture all data writes, thus continuously backing up data and eliminating backup windows.... CDP is the gold standard—the most comprehensive and advanced data protection. But "near CDP" technologies can deliver enough protection for many companies with less complexity and cost. For example, snapshots can provide a reasonable near-CDP-level of protection for file shares, letting users directly access data on the file share at regular intervals--say, every half hour or 15 minutes. That's certainly a higher level of protection than tape-based or disk-based nightly backups and may be all you need.
^Peter B. Malcolm (13 November 1989). "US Patent 5086502: Method of operating a data processing system". Google Patents. Retrieved 29 November 2016. Filing date Nov 13, 1989 ... a backup system in which a copy of every change made to a storage medium is recorded as the change occurs ... backup write operations are executed at the level of the basic input/output system (BIOS) ...
^Richard May (November 2012). "Finding RPO and RTO". Archived from the original on 2016-03-03.
^Pat Hanavan (2007). "An Overview of Continuous Data Protection". Infosectoday.com. What is Continuous Data Protection?, Can CDP be leveraged for backing up and recovering email?. Archived from the original on 2019-06-17. Retrieved 2011-11-12. ... may be block, file-, or application-based and can provide fine granularities of restorable objects to infinitely variable points in time.... New granular recovery technologies have emerged that enable mail messages, mailboxes, and folders to be restored individually without having to restore an entire email database, and without separate and redundant mailbox backups.
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