Container deposit legislation in the United States information
Overview of the container deposit legislation in United States of America
Deposit notice on a bottle sold in continental U.S. indicating the container's deposit value in various states; "CA CRV" means California Cash Redemption Value
There are ten states in the United States of America with container deposit legislation, popularly called "bottle bills" after the Oregon Bottle Bill, the first such legislation that was passed.[1]
Container deposit legislation (CDL) requires a refundable deposit on certain types of recyclable beverage containers in order to ensure an increased recycling rate. Studies show that the recycling rate for beverage containers is vastly increased with a bottle bill. The United States' overall beverage container recycling rate is approximately 33%, while states with container deposit laws have a 70% average rate of beverage container recycling. Michigan's recycling rate of 97% from 1990 to 2008 was the highest in the nation, as is its $0.10 deposit.[2] Studies also show that beverage container legislation has reduced total roadside litter by between 30% and 64% in the states with bottle bills.[3] Numerous instances of criminal offenses motivated by the cash refund value of empty containers have been reported.
Proponents of container deposit legislation have pointed to the small financial responsibilities of the states. Financing these programs are the responsibility of the beverage industry and consumers.[2] Producers are responsible for disposing of returned products, while consumers are responsible for collecting their refunds.
In Connecticut, Maine, Michigan, and Massachusetts the courts have ruled that unclaimed deposits are deemed abandoned by the public and are therefore property of the state. These states use this money to fund other environmental programs.[citation needed] In California and
A beverage container redemption center in Portland, Oregon
Hawaii uncollected deposits are used to cover the administrative costs of the deposit program.[2][4] In Iowa and Oregon the beverage distribution industry keeps the unredeemed deposits.[5][6] Iowa and Oregon's systems are similar and it was found to be highly profitable for beverage distributors in Iowa.[6] Between March 11, 2020, and June 2020, most states with container deposit legislation, except for California and Hawaii, temporarily suspended the bottle bill requirements as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.[7]
States first enacting a Bottle Bill[8][9]
year
state
1971
Oregon
1972
Vermont
1976
Maine
1976
Michigan
1978
Connecticut
1978
Iowa
1982
Massachusetts
1982
New York
1986
California
2002
Hawaii
^Wasting and Recycling Trends: Conclusions from CRI's 2008 Beverage Market Data Analysis, Page 4
^ abcGitlitz, Jenny & Franklin, Pat (2006). "The 10 Cent Incentive to Recycle". Container Recycling Institute.
^"Bottle Bills Prevent Litter". BottleBill.org. Retrieved 27 January 2016.
^State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection Bottle Bill FAQ
^"Consumer convenience is essential to saving Iowa's bottle bill". Des Moines Register. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
^ abJaquiss, Nigel. "Corporate Lobbyists Turned Oregon's Iconic Bottle Bill into a Sweet Payday for Their Clients". Willamette Week. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
^"At least 8 states suspend bottle bill requirements during coronavirus pandemic". Waste Dive. Retrieved 2020-04-01.
^"Michigan's Bottle Bill" (PDF). Michigan History magazine. May 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2008-09-10. Retrieved 2008-07-07.
^"Delaware's recycling law goes into effect on Dec. 1". Cecil Daily. Nov 17, 2010. Retrieved 2019-05-22.
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