A conditional sacrament or sacramentsub conditione ("under condition") is in some Christian denominations a sacrament administered "on the condition that the faithful [receiving it is] able and legitimately entitled to receive the sacrament".[1] An example of conditional sacrament is conditional baptism.
Conditional sacraments are practised by the Catholic Church,[2][3] the Eastern Orthodox Church,[4] the Anglican church,[5] the Lutheran church, and the Methodist church.[6]
Conditional sacraments are usually performed when there is doubt the previous sacrament(s) was (were) performed or valid, as receiving some specific sacraments more than once is considered impossible in the Catholic Church[2][7][8][9] and the Eastern Orthodox Church.[4]
^Tutino, Stefania (2018). "Chapter 11. All That Live Must Die, Passing Through Nature to Eternity: Baptizing Fetuses". Uncertainty in Post-Reformation Catholicism: A History of Probabilism. Oxford University Press. p. 335. ISBN 978-0-19-069409-8.
^ ab"Acceptance into the Orthodox Church". Holy Trinity Cathedral. Archived from the original on 2000-01-22. Retrieved 2021-11-07. The Orthodox Church has a special rule, which concerns all cases in which the condition is not clear. This is a conditional performance of a sacrament. In such cases anyone may be baptized. However, prior to the Sacrament, the priest should say: 'If not yet baptized, being baptized nowä 'if not chrismated yet, receive the grace of the Holy Spirit now...' etc. This practice is presently widely used in atheistic countries, where frequently there are no reliable information about the baptism of a child. Equally, such a practice is acceptable, if the convert to Orthodoxy is not sure about the legality of his baptism or has any doubts.
^Procter; Frere (1902). A New History of the Book of Common Prayer. London: MacMillan & Co. pp. 591-2.
^Yrigoyen, Charles Jr. (25 September 2014). T&T Clark Companion to Methodism. A&C Black. p. 263. ISBN 9780567290779. Methodists historically do not rebaptize unless the ecumenical formula was not used or another major impediment calls into question the adequacy of an earlier rite. When questions arise of a very grievous nature, there is the possibility of conditional baptism using the words 'If you are not already baptized, I baptize you in the name, etc.'
^"Can sacraments be repeated?". Cathedral of the Immaculate Conception – Springfield, IL. Archived from the original on 2021-01-19. Retrieved 2021-11-07. However, even if somebody were to be "re-baptized" or "re-confirmed" in another church or religious group, we believe that nothing is taking place. It is simply a simulation of a sacrament that had already been received.
^"Code of Canon Law - Book IV - Function of the Church (Cann. 834-878)". www.vatican.va. Archived from the original on 2019-06-16. Retrieved 2021-11-07. Can. 845 §1 Because they imprint a character, the sacraments of baptism, confirmation and order cannot be repeated. §2 If after diligent enquiry a prudent doubt remains as to whether the sacraments mentioned in §1 have been conferred at all, or conferred validly, they are to be conferred conditionally.
^"CCEO: text - IntraText CT". www.intratext.com. Archived from the original on 2021-11-07. Retrieved 2021-11-07. Canon 672 1. The sacraments of baptism, chrismation with holy myron and sacred ordination cannot be repeated. 2. If a prudent doubt exists as to whether they have been truly or validly celebrated, and the doubt remains after a serious investigation, they are to be administered conditionally.
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