In United States constitutional theory, compact theory is a rejected[1] interpretation of the Constitution which asserts the United States was formed through a compact agreed upon by all the states, and that the federal government is thus a creation of the states.[2] Consequently, under the theory, states are the final arbiters over whether the federal government has overstepped the limits of its authority as set forth in the compact. Compact theory contrasts with contract theory, which holds that the United States was formed with the consent of the people—rather than the consent of the states—and thus the federal government has supreme jurisdiction over the states. Compact theory has never been upheld by the courts.
Compact theory featured heavily in arguments by southern political leaders in the run up to the American Civil War that states had a right to nullify federal law and to secede from the union. It also featured in southern arguments opposing desegregation after the 1954 Supreme Court decision in Brown v. Board of Education.[3] The theory also entered into the Mexico–United States border crisis of the early 2020s.
^Robertson, Nick (January 25, 2024). "GOP governors back Abbott in border standoff". The Hill.
^Benner, David (2015). Compact of the Republic: The League of States and the Constitution. Minneapolis, MN: Life & Liberty Publishing Group.
^Bartley, Numan V. (1969). The Rise of Massive Resistance: Race and Politics in the South During the 1950's. Louisiana State University Press. p. 127. ISBN 0-8071-2419-2.
constitutional theory, compacttheory is a rejected interpretation of the Constitution which asserts the United States was formed through a compact agreed upon...
of topological groups, and the compact Lie groups have a particularly well-developed theory. Basic examples of compact Lie groups include the circle group...
on work by Grothendieck and Banach. The origin of the theory of compact operators is in the theory of integral equations, where integral operators supply...
force whatsoever. The Virginia Resolution of 1798 also relied on the compacttheory and asserted that the states have the right to determine whether actions...
properties of compact operators. The reader will see that most statements transfer verbatim from the matrix case. The spectral theory of compact operators...
The compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format that was co-developed by Philips and Sony to store and play digital audio recordings...
compact. Every subset of a compact topological space is relatively compact (since a closed subset of a compact space is compact). And in an arbitrary topological...
developed first by considering the compact groups, to which results of compact representation theory apply. This theory can be extended to finite-dimensional...
In astronomy, the term compact object (or compact star) refers collectively to white dwarfs, neutron stars, and black holes. It could also include exotic...
In the Mathematical area of Order theory, the compact elements or finite elements of a partially ordered set are those elements that cannot be subsumed...
named after Lev Pontryagin who laid down the foundations for the theory of locally compact abelian groups and their duality during his early mathematical...
he had written what is probably the most thorough exegesis of the compacttheory of the United States Constitution in existence, devoting the first fifteen...
locally compact setting, such techniques need not hold. The resulting theory is a central part of harmonic analysis. The representation theory for locally...
constraints (e.g. a budget). This has many advantages. It provides a compacttheory that makes empirical predictions with a relatively sparse model - just...
topology, compactness is a property that seeks to generalize the notion of a closed and bounded subset of Euclidean space. The idea is that a compact space...
countable compactness theorem in 1930. Anatoly Maltsev proved the uncountable case in 1936. The compactness theorem has many applications in model theory; a...
the 'compacttheory' [of the Constitution] does not justify interposition. Thus, Edward Livingston, ... though an adherent of th[e 'compact] theory['],...
smooth or compact. Potential theory Serre duality Helmholtz decomposition Local invariant cycle theorem Arakelov theory Hodge-Arakelov theory ddbar lemma...
Opportunity Act PL 104-193 Anti-Federalism Classical republicanism Compacttheory Convention to propose amendments to the United States Constitution Decentralization...
axioms of set theory. (Tarski originally called them "not strongly incompact" cardinals.) Formally, a cardinal κ is defined to be weakly compact if it is uncountable...
area of study are typical of rigidity theory. In the 1930s G. A. Hedlund proved that the horocycle flow on a compact hyperbolic surface is minimal and ergodic...
In mathematics compact convergence (or uniform convergence on compact sets) is a type of convergence that generalizes the idea of uniform convergence....
on Hausdorff locally compact topological groups. One of the major results in the theory of functions on abelian locally compact groups is called Pontryagin...
compact and sigma-compact spaces are paracompact in nLab". ncatlab.org. Leon Ehrenpreis, Theory of Distributions for Locally Compact Spaces, American Mathematical...
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