Communication occurs when an animal produces a signal and uses it to influences the behaviour of another animal.[1][2] A signal can be any behavioural, structural or physiological trait that has evolved specifically to carry information about the sender and/or the external environment and to stimulate the sensory system of the receiver to change their behaviour.[1][2][3] A signal is different from a cue in that cues are informational traits that have not been selected for communication purposes.[3] For example, if an alerted bird gives a warning call to a predator and causes the predator to give up the hunt, the bird is using the sound as a signal to communicate its awareness to the predator. On the other hand, if a rat forages in the leaves and makes a sound that attracts a predator, the sound itself is a cue and the interaction is not considered a communication attempt.
Air and water have different physical properties which lead to different velocity and clarity of the signal transmission process during communication.[4] This means that common understanding of communication mechanisms and structures of terrestrial animals cannot be applied to aquatic animals. For example, a horse can sniff the air to detect pheromones but a fish which is surrounded by water will need a different method to detect chemicals.
Aquatic animals can communicate through various signal modalities including visual, auditory, tactile, chemical and electrical signals. Communication using any of these forms requires specialised signal producing and detecting organs. Thus, the structure, distribution and mechanism of these sensory systems vary amongst different classes and species of aquatic animals and they also differ greatly to those of terrestrial animals.
The basic functions of communication in aquatic animals are similar to those of terrestrial animals. In general, communication can be used to facilitate social recognition and aggregation, to locate, attract and evaluate mating partners and to engage in territorial or mating disputes. Different species of aquatic animals can sometimes communicate. Interspecies communication is most common between prey and predator or between animals engaged in mutualistic symbiotic relationships.
^ abRuxton, G.D.; Schaefer, H.M. (December 2011). "Resolving current disagreements and ambiguities in the terminology of animal communication". Journal of Evolutionary Biology. 24 (12): 2574–85. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2011.02386.x. PMID 21902751.
^ abScarantino, A. (2013). "Animal communication as information-mediated influence". In Steggman, U.E. (ed.). Animal Communication Theory: Information and Influence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. pp. 63–88. doi:10.1017/CBO9781139003551.005. ISBN 9781139003551.
^ abSmith, J.M.; Harper, D. (2003). Animal Signals. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780198526858.
^Hopkins, C.D. (1988). "Social Communication in the Aquatic Environment". Sensory Biology of Aquatic Animals. New York, NY: Springer. pp. 233–268. doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-3714-3_9. ISBN 978-1-4612-8317-1.
and 27 Related for: Communication in aquatic animals information
species of aquaticanimals and they also differ greatly to those of terrestrial animals. The basic functions of communicationinaquaticanimals are similar...
Animalcommunication is the transfer of information from one or a group of animals (sender or senders) to one or more other animals (receiver or receivers)...
Acoustic communication means communication by means of sound, such as: Underwater acoustic communication Acoustic communicationinaquaticanimals Acoustic...
Animal languages are forms of non-human animalcommunication that show similarities to human language. Animals communicate through a variety of signs,...
at distances of up to 100 m. Acoustic communication in aquaticanimals Acoustic communicationin fish Telecommunications Acoustic release – Oceanographic...
is located. Humans engage in interspecies communication when interacting with pets and working animals. Human communication has a long history and how...
behaviour. There are a large number of semi-aquaticanimals (animals that spend part of their life cycle in water, or generally have part of their anatomy...
Olfactic communication is a channel of nonverbal communication referring to the various ways people and animals communicate and engage in social interaction...
selective breeding of domestic animals, is being used to breed back recently extinct animalsin an attempt to achieve an animal breed with a phenotype that...
(1992). Fiedler, P. L.; Jain, S. A. Jain (ed.). Loss of biodiversity inaquatic ecosystems: Evidence from fish faunas. Chapman and Hall. pp. 128–169....
Experimenting with Humans and Animals. Johns Hopkins. pp. 98–104. ISBN 978-0-8018-7196-2. Gray, Tara (1998). "A Brief History of Animalsin Space". National Aeronautics...
a later development. In an aquatically feeding animals, the food is supported by water and can literally float (or get sucked in) to the mouth. On land...
In ecology, crypsis is the ability of an animal or a plant to avoid observation or detection by other animals. It may be a predation strategy or an antipredator...
toxic to fish, bees and aquatic insects, according to the National Pesticides Telecommunications Network (NPTN). It is found in many household ant and...
cognitive ability of aquatic mammals belonging in the infraorder Cetacea (cetaceans), including baleen whales, porpoises, and dolphins. In 2014, a study found...
allowing the animal to stay cool; a camel's fur may reach 70 °C (158 °F) in the summer, but the skin stays at 40 °C (104 °F).: 188 Aquatic mammals, conversely...
the most diverse group of animals, with more than a million described species; they represent more than half of all animal species. The insect nervous...
acquisition, and comparisons between human language and systems of animalcommunication (particularly other primates). Many argue that the origins of language...
non-pet owners. Using dogs and other animals as a part of therapy dates back to the late-18th century, when animals were introduced into mental institutions...
A dolphin is an aquatic mammal in the clade Odontoceti (toothed whale). Dolphins belong to the families Delphinidae (the oceanic dolphins), Platanistidae...
he described the axolotl's maturation while remaining in a tadpole-like aquatic stage complete with gills, unlike other adult amphibians like frogs and...
vowel o + ζῷον zoon "animal") is a subphylum of aquatic cnidarian animals – all obligate parasites. It contains the smallest animals ever known to have...
Organisms in the sediment are now exposed to the new chemicals. Organisms are then ingested by fish and other aquaticanimals. These animals now contain...
being crushed by large animals. Aquatic turtles have flatter, smoother shells that allow them to cut through the water. Sea turtles in particular have streamlined...
range describes the frequency range that can be heard by humans or other animals, though it can also refer to the range of levels. The human range is commonly...
rodents. When living near water, they eat other aquaticanimals. The ribbon snake (Thamnophis saurita) in particular favors frogs (including tadpoles),...