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The Bermuda Gazette of 12 November 1796, calling for privateering against Spain and its allies, and with advertisements for crew for two privateer vessels
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Commerce raiding[1] is a form of naval warfare used to destroy or disrupt logistics of the enemy on the open sea by attacking its merchant shipping, rather than engaging its combatants or enforcing a blockade against them.[2][3]
^(French: guerre de course, "war of the chase"; German: Handelskrieg, "trade war")
^Douglas Peifer, “Maritime Commerce Warfare: The Coercive Response of the Weak?” Naval War College Review vol. 66, nr.2 (Spring 2013), 83-104.
^Norman Friedman (2001). Seapower as Strategy: Navies and National Interests. Naval Institute Press. ISBN 1-55750-291-9.
Commerceraiding is a form of naval warfare used to destroy or disrupt logistics of the enemy on the open sea by attacking its merchant shipping, rather...
total of six sorties from Vladivostok for commerceraiding in 1904, sinking a total of 15 transports. The first raid was from 9 to 14 February along the coast...
Unlike privateers who expected to seize property for profit, Blakeley was a commerce raider who had orders to destroy his prizes after looting them for needed...
coast of Alaska. Attempts by the Confederacy to buy or seize ships for commerceraiding on the West Coast were thwarted by alert Union officials and the Pacific...
criminalisation of traditional sea-raiding activities of people Europeans wished to colonise. The legal framework around authorised sea-raiding was considerably murkier...
Merchant raiders are armed commerceraiding ships that disguise themselves as non-combatant merchant vessels. Germany used several merchant raiders early...
of submarine warfare supplemented by the use of battlecruisers and commerceraiding (in particular by Bismarck-class battleships). In Britain, the most...
payments made by both states in exchange for a cessation of Tripolitanian commerceraiding at sea. United States President Thomas Jefferson refused to pay this...
Ocean, from which privateers and frigate squadrons could engage in commerceraiding and disrupt British shipping. After encountering a strongly escorted...
referred to certain kinds of missions—independent scouting, commerce protection, or raiding—usually fulfilled by frigates or sloops-of-war, which functioned...
created opportunities for piracy, as well as for privateering and commerceraiding. Historic examples of such areas include the waters of Gibraltar, the...
in the Penang Strait, which sank two Allied warships as part of its commerceraiding operations throughout the Indian Ocean. During the battle, a total...
Repairs were completed by March 1941, and in June she left Germany for a commerceraiding operation in the Atlantic. But before reaching the Atlantic, she was...
they were nicknamed by foreign navies. These ships were designed for commerceraiding on distant seas, to operate as a raider hunting for independently sailing...
role was analogous to surface cruisers; 'cruising' distant waters, commerceraiding, and otherwise operating independently. When operating within a fleet...
battleships. Heavy cruisers were assigned a variety of roles ranging from commerceraiding to serving as 'cruiser-killers,' i.e. hunting and destroying similarly-sized...
submarines. Barrier operations seek to hinder access to certain areas. Commerceraiding requires the enemy to put resources into escorting merchant ships....
Operational manoeuvre group Raid Strategy List of military strategies and concepts Military campaign Attrition Commerceraiding Counter-offensive Culminating...
the frigates and sloops which performed the missions of scouting, commerceraiding and trade protection remained unarmoured. For several decades, it proved...
travelling from the United States to France. The campaign involved commerceraiding by detached forces and two minor engagements, eventually culminating...
fleet of cruisers and submarines that would wage a guerre de course (commerceraiding against an enemy's merchant shipping). After reading all three of Wegener's...
invasion of Norway in 1940, and then in commerceraiding until the Gneisenau was heavily damaged by a British air raid in 1942 and the Scharnhorst was sunk...
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