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Combined Opposition Parties information


Combined Opposition Parties
AbbreviationCOP
LeaderFatima Jinnah
FounderKhawaja Nazimuddin[a][1]
Merger ofCouncil Muslim League[1]
Awami League[1]
National Awami Party[1]
National Awami Party (Wali)
Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan[1]
Nizam-e-Islam Party[1]
IdeologyParliamentary democracy Anti-Ayub Khan
Political positionBig tent
  • Politics of Pakistan
  • Political parties
  • Elections

The Combined Opposition Parties (COP) was a Pakistani coalition of 6-13 political parties founded in 1965, to run in the 1965 presidential, and general election against field marshal Muhammad Ayub Khan and his authoritarian regime.[1]

The COP was founded in attempt to challenge the controversial leader Ayub Khan in the then upcoming election. The COP accused Ayub Khan of bad governance and being anti-democratic. The COP advocated for an end to the martial law which had been imposed by Ayub Khan since 1958.[1]


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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Hussain 2018.

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