Colossosauria is a clade of titanosaur sauropods from the latest Early Cretaceous through the Late Cretaceous of South America. The group was originally named by Bernardo González-Riga et al. in 2019 and defined as the "most inclusive clade containing Mendozasaurus neguyelap but not Saltasaurus loricatus or Epachthosaurus sciuttoi". The clade contains different taxa depending on the phylogenetic analysis used, in the defining paper the only subgroups were Rinconsauria and Lognkosauria, but alternate phylogenies published previously had also included various similar titanosaurs such as Aeolosaurus, Bonitasaura, Drusilasaura, Overosaurus and Quetecsaurus. The phylogenetic analysis of González-Riga et al. (2019) placed Colossosauria as sister taxa to Epachthosaurus, Pitekunsaurus and a larger clade including Saltasauridae.[1]
Lithostrotia
Malawisaurus
Tapuiasaurus
Nemegtosaurus
Saltasauridae
Aeolosaurus
Isisaurus
Rapetosaurus
Saltasaurus
Opisthocoelicaudia
Jiangshanosaurus
Alamosaurus
Pitekunsaurus
Epachthosaurus
Colossosauria
Rinconsauria
Muyelensaurus
Rinconsaurus
Lognkosauria
Mendozasaurus
Futalognkosaurus
Argentinosaurus
Patagotitan
Puertasaurus
Notocolossus
Due to the labile position of Epachthosaurus in titanosaur phylogeny, Carballido and colleagues proposed a new definition for Colossosauria in 2022, as all taxa closer to Patagotitan than Saltasaurus. This solidified the position of Colossosauria as the opposite clade to Saltasauroidea within Eutitanosauria, and stabilized all three groups based on derived members instead of the more problematic basal taxa like Epachthosaurus and Mendozasaurus. While Rinconsauria and Lognkosauria were both suggested to be probable Colossosaur subgroups, the inconsistencies in titanosaur phylogenetics meant that no changes to either group were proposed, leaving Colossosauria as probably also including unclassified taxa on the stem to either more restrictive group.[2]
^ abGonzález Riga, Bernardo J.; Lamanna, Matthew C.; Otero, Alejandro; Ortiz David, Leonardo D.; Kellner, Alexander W. A.; Ibiricu, Lucio M. (2019). "An overview of the appendicular skeletal anatomy of South American titanosaurian sauropods, with definition of a newly recognized clade". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 91 (suppl 2): e20180374. doi:10.1590/0001-3765201920180374. hdl:11336/106658. PMID 31340217.
^ abCarballido, J.L.; Otero, A.; Mannion, P.D.; Salgado, L.; Moreno, A.P. (2022). "Titanosauria: A Critical Reappraisal of Its Systematics and the Relevance of the South American Record". In Otero, A.; Carballido, J.L.; Pol, D. (eds.). South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Record, Diversity and Evolution. Springer. pp. 269–298. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3. ISBN 978-3-030-95958-6. ISSN 2197-9596.
^ abPoropat, S.F.; Kundrát, M.; Mannion, P.D.; Upchurch, P.; Tischler, T.R.; Elliott, D.A. (2021). "Second specimen of the Late Cretaceous Australian sauropod dinosaur Diamantinasaurus matildae provides new anatomical information on the skull and neck of early titanosaurs". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society. 192 (2): 610–674. doi:10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa173.
^Gallina, P.A.; González Riga, B.J.; Ortiz David, L.D. (2022). "Time for Giants: Titanosaurs from the Berriasian–Santonian Age". In Otero, A.; Carballido, J.L.; Pol, D. (eds.). South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Record, Diversity and Evolution. Springer. pp. 299–340. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3. ISBN 978-3-030-95958-6. ISSN 2197-9596.
^Santucci, R.M.; Filippi, L.S. (2022). "Last Titans: Titanosaurs From the Campanian–Maastrichtian Age". In Otero, A.; Carballido, J.L.; Pol, D. (eds.). South American Sauropodomorph Dinosaurs. Record, Diversity and Evolution. Springer. pp. 341–391. doi:10.1007/978-3-030-95959-3. ISBN 978-3-030-95958-6. ISSN 2197-9596.
Colossosauria is a clade of titanosaur sauropods from the latest Early Cretaceous through the Late Cretaceous of South America. The group was originally...
phylogenetic analyses. This led to its use in a re-definition of the group Colossosauria by Carballido and colleagues in 2022. Like Argentinosaurus and other...
defined Colossosauria. Carballido et al. placed Nemegtosauridae and Saltasauridae within the group, though they had Aeolosaurini within Colossosauria. The...
encompassing than Lithostrotia, or Epachthosaurus could nest close to Colossosauria and limit Eutitanosauria to a smaller group of saltasauroids. Because...
larger clade with Rinconsauria within Titanosauria, which they named Colossosauria. The giant size of Argentinosaurus and other sauropods was likely made...
Titanosauria, either as a basal taxon or possibly within the clade Colossosauria. The phylogenetic results of Gallina and colleagues are shown below...
almost all titanosaurs, or a smaller clade that excludes the taxa of Colossosauria. These incongruent results are because of the instability of the defining...
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