Global InformationCollege and university rankings information
 | It has been suggested that this article should be split into articles titled International university rankings and National college and university rankings. (discuss) (June 2023) |
College and university rankings order higher education institutions based on various criteria, with factors differing depending on the specific ranking system. These rankings can be conducted at the national or international level, assessing institutions within a single country, within a specific geographical region, or worldwide. Rankings are typically conducted by magazines, newspapers, websites, governments, or academics.
In addition to ranking entire institutions, specific programs, departments, and schools can be ranked. Some rankings consider measures of wealth, excellence in research, selective admissions, and alumni success. Rankings may also consider various combinations of measures of specialization expertise, student options, award numbers, internationalization, graduate employment, industrial linkage, historical reputation and other criteria.
However, there is significant debate surrounding the interpretation, accuracy, and usefulness of rankings.[1] The expanding diversity in rating methodologies and accompanying criticisms of each indicate the lack of consensus in the field. Further, it seems possible to game the ranking systems through excessive self-citations[2] or by researchers supporting each other in surveys.
UNESCO has even questioned whether rankings "do more harm than good," noting that while "Rightly or wrongly, they are perceived as a measure of quality and so create intense competition between universities all over the world".[3][4]
- ^ Marklein, Mary Beth. "Rankings create 'perverse incentives' – Hazelkorn". University World News. Retrieved 14 September 2016.
- ^ Mussard, Maxime; James, Alex Pappachen (26 July 2017). "How to boost the ranking of your university using self-citations? An example of the weaknesses of university ranking systems". Figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.5245867.v1. S2CID 64850196.
- ^ "Rankings and Accountability in Higher Education: Uses and Misuses". www.unesco.org. United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. Archived from the original on 17 November 2016.
- ^ Heller, Richard Frederick (2022), Heller, Richard Frederick (ed.), "The Problem with Universities Today", The Distributed University for Sustainable Higher Education, Singapore: Springer Nature, pp. 5–37, doi:10.1007/978-981-16-6506-6_2, ISBN 978-981-16-6506-6, retrieved 8 April 2024