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Codex Tudela information


Folios 98 verso and 99 recto, showing aspects of the Aztec calendar: the birds of the day, the lords of the night, and the day signs.

The Codex Tudela is a 16th-century pictorial Aztec codex. It is based on the same prototype as the Codex Magliabechiano, the Codex Ixtlilxochitl, and other documents of the Magliabechiano Group.

Little is known about the codex's history. The Spanish government bought the manuscript when it was rediscovered in 1940, and it is now held by the Museo de América in Madrid. Sr José Tudela de la Orden, after whom it was named, worked at the Museo de America and made the codex known to scholars. In Spanish it is sometimes called the Códice del Museo de América.

The Tudela Codex is a document written in mid 16th century in Mexico during the early colonial stage over European laid paper. It has three parts, Libro Indígena, Libro Pintado Europeo and Libro Escrito Europeo. The first part occupies pages 11 to 125 and was painted by the Indian scribes in a Pre-Hispanic style near 1540, containing iconography and hieroglyphic writing information regarding Mexican or Aztec religion; types of calendar, rituals regarding disease and death, gods of the drunk, etc. The codex is a religious document that details deities, religious rites, religious ceremonies, cosmological beliefs, calendars and rituals regarding topics such as disease and death.

Codex Tudela f. 69r detail

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Codex Tudela

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The Codex Tudela is a 16th-century pictorial Aztec codex. It is based on the same prototype as the Codex Magliabechiano, the Codex Ixtlilxochitl, and other...

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Codex Magliabechiano

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the group include the Codex Tudela and the Codex Ixtlilxochitl). The Codex Magliabechiano is based on an earlier unknown codex, which is assumed to have...

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Codex Ixtlilxochitl

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religion and ritual that also includes the Codex Magliabechiano and the Codex Tudela, as well as parts of Crónica de la Nueva España by Francisco Cervantes...

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Codex Borgia

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The Codex Borgia (The Vatican, Bibl. Vat., Borg.mess.1), also known as Codex Borgianus, Manuscrit de Veletri and Codex Yohualli Ehecatl, is a pre-Columbian...

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Mesoamerican Codices

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Telleriano Remensis, Codex Ixtlilxochitl, Codex Tudela, Codex Magliabechiano, Codex Mendoza, the Matrícula de Tributos, Codex Badianus, Relación de Michoacan....

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Human sacrifice in Aztec culture

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Produced during the 16th century, the most prominent codices include the Ríos, Tudela, Telleriano-Remensis, Magliabechiano, and Sahagún's Florentine. A contrast...

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Lords of the Night

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Deities are known because their names are glossed in the Codex Telleriano-Remensis and Codex Tudela. Seler argued that the 9 lords each corresponded to one...

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Tezcatlipoca

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calendar as a whole is suggested by his depiction in texts such as the Codex Borgia and Codex Fejéváry-Mayer, where Tezcatlipoca is surrounded by day signs, implying...

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Tlaltecuhtli

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mythology and belief systems, such as the Histoyre du méchique, Florentine Codex, and Codex Bodley, both compiled in the sixteenth century. Tlaltecuhtli is typically...

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Tonantzin

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century Franciscan friar Bernardino de Sahagún wrote in his Florentine Codex that Indians traveled to Tepeyac to worship Tonantzin. In her book Goddesses...

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History of chocolate

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drink with the gods. The Dresden Codex specifies that it is the food of the rain deity Chaac, and the Madrid Codex says that gods shed their blood on...

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Dreadlocks

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priests were described in Aztec codices (including the Durán Codex, the Codex Tudela and the Codex Mendoza) as wearing their hair untouched, allowing it to...

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Acapulco

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Codex Tudela: "Acapulco's Yope Indian, at the South Sea"....

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Stone of Motecuhzoma I

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A depiction of an unidentified temalácatl in the Codex Tudela (c. 1540)...

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Eleanor of Navarre

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queen regnant of Navarre in 1479. She was crowned on 28 January 1479 in Tudela. She was born in Olite, Navarre (now Spain), the third and youngest child...

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Artichoke

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Africa) Green, medium-size: 'Verde Palermo' (Sicily, Italy), 'Blanca de Tudela' (Spain), 'Argentina', 'Española' (Chile), 'Blanc d'Oran' (Algeria), 'Sakiz'...

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Kingdom of Najera

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territories of the valley of the Ebro River, from the current Miranda de Ebro to Tudela. It was the precursor of the Kingdom of Navarra and cradle of the kingdoms...

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Aromanians

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area of Thessaly. In the 12th century, the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela records the existence of the district of "Vlachia" near Halmyros in eastern...

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Battle of Estercuel

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appeared beside the town of Estercuel (a half a day's ride from the city of Tudela, on the royal road that comes up from Zaragoza) and before some Christian...

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Isidore the Laborer

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The only original source of hagiography on him is a fourteenth century codex called Códice de Juan Diácono which relates five of his miracles: The pigeons...

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Torah reading

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synagogue in the course of a single year." As late as 1170 Benjamin of Tudela mentioned Egyptian congregations that took three years to read the Torah...

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Jeremiah 35

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tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), the Petersburg Codex of the Prophets (916), Aleppo Codex (10th century), Codex Leningradensis (1008). There...

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Great Vlachia

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first appears in the 12th century, when the Jewish traveller Benjamin of Tudela, who toured the area in 1166, recorded that the town of Zetouni (Lamia)...

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History of the Jews in Syria

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Damascus and succeeded in leading a Jewish colony to Jerusalem. Benjamin of Tudela visited Damascus in 1170, while it was in the hands of the Seljukian prince...

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Chaim Yosef David Azulai

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intact and published travel diaries, similarly to those of Benjamin of Tudela, provide a comprehensive first hand account of Jewish life and historical...

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