Coal refuse (also described as coal waste, rock, slag, coal tailings, waste material, rock bank, culm, boney, or gob[1]) is the material left over from coal mining, usually as tailings piles or spoil tips. For every tonne of hard coal generated by mining, 400 kg (880 lb) of waste material remains, which includes some lost coal that is partially economically recoverable.[2] Coal refuse is distinct from the byproducts of burning coal, such as fly ash.
Coal spoil stones
Piles of coal refuse can have significant negative environmental consequences, including the leaching of iron, manganese, and aluminum residues into waterways and acid mine drainage.[3] The runoff can create both surface and groundwater contamination.[4] The piles also create a fire hazard, with the potential to spontaneously ignite. Because most coal refuse harbors toxic components, it is not easily reclaimed by replanting with plants like beach grasses.[5][6]
Gob (short for "garbage of bituminous"[7]) has about four times as much toxic mercury and more sulfur than typical coal.[1] Culm is the term for waste anthracite coal.[1]
^ abc"Waste Coal | Energy Justice Network". www.energyjustice.net. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
^Fecko, P.; Tora, B.; Tod, M. (1 January 2013), Osborne, Dave (ed.), "3 - Coal waste: handling, pollution impacts and utilization", The Coal Handbook: Towards Cleaner Production, Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy, vol. 2, Woodhead Publishing, pp. 63–84, ISBN 978-1-78242-116-0, retrieved 2 August 2020
^"Waste Coal | Energy Justice Network". www.energyjustice.net. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
^Kowalska, Arlena, et al., "VLF mapping and resistivity imaging of contaminated quaternary formations near to 'Panewniki' coal waste disposal (Southern Poland)." Acta Geodynamica et Geromaterialia, vol. 9, no. 4, 2012, p. 473+. Gale Academic OneFile, https://link-gale-com.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/apps/doc/A311377866/GPS?u=wikipedia&sid=GPS&xid=f0f488c8. Accessed 7 Aug. 2020.
^POWER (1 July 2016). "The Coal Refuse Dilemma: Burning Coal for Environmental Benefits". POWER Magazine. Retrieved 2 August 2020.
^Dove, D.; Daniels, W.; Parrish, D. (1990). "Importance of Indigenous VAM Fungi for the Reclamation of Coal Refuse Piles". Journal American Society of Mining and Reclamation. 1990 (1): 463–468. doi:10.21000/jasmr90010463. ISSN 2328-8744.
^Flavelle, Christopher; Tate, Julie; Schaff, Erin (27 March 2022). "How Joe Manchin Aided Coal, and Earned Millions". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 March 2022.
Coalrefuse (also described as coal waste, rock, slag, coal tailings, waste material, rock bank, culm, boney, or gob) is the material left over from coal...
coal that is partially economically recoverable. Coalrefuse is distinct from the byproducts of burning coal, such as fly ash. Piles of coalrefuse can...
moisture and mineral matter. Since the 1980s, anthracite refuse or mine waste has been used for coal power generation in a form of recycling. The practice...
Coal is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock, formed as rock strata called coal seams. Coal is mostly carbon with variable amounts of...
coal that is partially economically recoverable. Coalrefuse is distinct from the byproducts of burning coal, such as fly ash. Piles of coalrefuse can...
Coal dust is a fine-powdered form of coal which is created by the crushing, grinding, or pulverization of coal rock. Because of the brittle nature of coal...
Coal pollution mitigation, sometimes labeled as clean coal, is a series of systems and technologies that seek to mitigate health and environmental impact...
is the heating of coal in the absence of oxygen to a temperature above 600 °C to drive off the volatile components of the raw coal, leaving a hard, strong...
Coal ash, also known as coal combustion residuals (CCRs), is the mineral residue that remains from burning coal. Exposure to coal ash and to the toxic...
environmental impact of the coal industry includes issues such as land use, waste management, water and air pollution, caused by the coal mining, processing and...
as coal-mine dust lung disease, or simply black lung, is an occupational type of pneumoconiosis caused by long-term inhalation and deposition of coal dust...
Coal slurry is a mixture of solids (mined coal or coal waste) and liquids (water or organic) produced by a coal preparation plant. To transform the coal...
Coal power in China is electricity generated from coal in China and is distributed by the State Power Grid Corporation. It is a big source of greenhouse...
Coal mining is an industry in transition in the United States. Production in 2019 was down 40% from the peak production of 1,171.8 million short tons (1...
Coal generated about 19.5% of the electricity at utility-scale facilities in the United States in 2022, down from 38.6% in 2014 and 51% in 2001. In 2021...
Coal tar is a thick dark liquid which is a by-product of the production of coke and coal gas from coal. It is a type of creosote. It has both medical and...
emissions by not using coal. The environmental impact of the coal industry is both local and international. Acid mine drainage from coalrefuse varies considerably...
heating plant can use different fuels: Natural gas Heating oil Biomass CoalRefuse Combined heat and power Cogeneration District heating Power station v...
Coal combustion products (CCPs), also called coal combustion wastes (CCWs) or coal combustion residuals (CCRs), are categorized in four groups, each based...
many coal operations choose to sample. The raw coal, before it enters the plant. The refuse, to see what the plant missed. Then the clean coal, to see...
Bituminous coal, or black coal, is a type of coal containing a tar-like substance called bitumen or asphalt. Its coloration can be black or sometimes dark...
Coal oil is a shale oil obtained from the destructive distillation of cannel coal, mineral wax, or bituminous shale, once used widely for illumination...
your play among the sleepy rocks (102). Tailings Overburden Minestone Coalrefuse Collins English Dictionary – Complete and Unabridged, 12th Edition. HarperCollins...
Peak coal is the peak consumption or production of coal by a human community. Peak coal can be driven by peak demand or peak supply. Historically, it was...
Coal in India has been mined since 1774, and India is the second largest producer and consumer of coal after China, mining 777.31 million metric tons (856...
The history of coal mining goes back thousands of years, with early mines documented in ancient China, the Roman Empire and other early historical economies...
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